This document contains the Westlake City Schools’ Industrial Technology Course of Study completed at the end of the 2002-2003 school year.  The Industrial Technology Course of Study has been reviewed and was approved by the Westlake City Schools’ Board of Education on August 21, 2003.

 

 

 

 

Committee Members.................................................................. Page 2

District Beliefs, Vision and Mission............................................. Page 3

Rationale/What is the Study of Technology?................................ Page 5

Program Philosophy................................................................... Page 6

Introduction................................................................................ Page 7

Technology Education Narrative................................................. Page 9

Technology Defined.................................................................... Page 12

Technology Literacy................................................................... Page 14

Why is Technological Literacy Important?................................... Page 16

Characteristics of a Technologically Literate Person..................... Page 17

Airbrush Illustration I.................................................................. Page 18

Airbrush Illustration II................................................................. Page 29

Computer Graphics.................................................................... Page 40

Electricity/Electronics I............................................................... Page 52

Electricity/Electronics II.............................................................. Page 65

Exploring Technology................................................................. Page 79

Technical Drawing/Design I........................................................ Page 97

Technical Drawing/Design II....................................................... Page 110

Technical Drawing/Design III...................................................... Page 124

Technical Drawing/Design IV...................................................... Page 138

Metalworking Technology.......................................................... Page 150

Woodworking Technology I....................................................... Page 164

Woodworking Technology II...................................................... Page 178

Woodworking Technology III..................................................... Page 192

Introduction to Robotics............................................................. Page 206

Computer Servicing.................................................................... Page 218

Technology Education-I.B. Design Technology Equivalent........... Page 232

Technology Education Program of Studies.................................. Page 233

Assessment................................................................................ Page 238

Table 1...................................................................................... Page 239

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

Committee Members

 

 

K. Scott Kutz

 

Lou Pelton

 

 

 

 

Ray Conti, Director of Curriculum and Instruction

 


 

DISTRICT BELIEFS, VISION AND MISSION

 

 

BELIEFS

 

Beliefs are the principles and concepts that govern the district’s decisions and actions.  They influence the district’s picture of the future (vision) and the reason the district exists (mission).  The beliefs, vision and mission of the Westlake City Schools District follow.

 

 

The Westlake city Schools believe that students come first, that dignity and worth of each individual is to be respected, and that learning is a lifelong process.  We further believe that:

 

Successful students are ready to learn, display appropriate behavioral and social skills, assume responsibility, and work to reach their full potential.  They are enthusiastic about learning, possess basic academic skills and strive for excellence.

 

Supportive families are proactive and involved in all aspects of their children’s education, assist their children with schoolwork, encourage their children to make positive choices and to be responsible for their actions, offer guidance and motivation so their children reach their full potential, and work in partnership with school.

 

Exemplary teachers care for their students, are knowledgeable regarding subject matter and effective instructional strategies, and engage students in meaningful learning experiences.

 

Exemplary administrators are knowledgeable and provide meaningful instructional and managerial leadership.  They create a safe, orderly, professional and supportive environment, empower all staff by providing opportunities for professional development and communicate effectively with all constituents.

 

Exemplary support personnel assist in the education of our children by providing a healthy, safe, nurturing and responsive learning climate.

 

Ideal learning environments are child-centered, stimulating and positive, free from distractions, appropriate in class size, and include ample and varied resources.  Students and staff feel safe physically and emotionally, and devote themselves to academic and personal achievement.

 

Helpful community members, organizations and businesses celebrate their schools’ and students’ accomplishments, share resources and engage in dialogue.

 


 

 

VISION STATEMENT

 

The Westlake City School District will provide a dynamic, student-centered, positive learning environment.  Our district will be characterized by actively engaged learners, mutual respect, shared knowledge, pursuit of new skills and capabilities, collaborative learning, willingness to take action, a team commitment to data-drive continuous improvement and tangible results.

 

 

 

 

 

MISSION STATEMENT

 

WE EDUCATE FOR EXCELLENCE…

Empowering all students to achieve their educational goals,

to direct their lives, and to contribute to society

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) – Rationale

 

We live in a technological world.  Living in the twenty-first century requires much more from every individual than a basic ability to read, write, and perform simple mathematics.  Technology affects virtually every aspect of our lives, from enabling citizens to perform routine tasks to requiring that they be able to make responsible, informed decisions that affect individuals, our society, and the environment.

 

Technology has enhanced human communication, comfort, safety, productivity, medical care, and agriculture, among many other things.  However, the world is affected by both natural problems and problems that arise from the human modification of the natural world.  Examples of these include arctic warming, overpopulation, escalating drought, elevated carbon emissions, unregulated deforestation, and the deterioration of coral reefs.  On one hand, technology has added to the degradation of the natural environment while on the other hand, technology is viewed by many as a panacea to solve these and future problems.  It is imperative that we prepare a more technologically literate citizenry that is knowledgeable and able to comprehend such problems.

 

Citizens of today must have a basic understanding of how technology affects their world and how they exist both within and around technology.  The need for technological literacy is as fundamentally important to students as traditional core subject area knowledge and abilities.  Students need and deserve the opportunity to attain technological literacy through the educational process.

 

Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) - What is the Study of Technology?

            Schools that encourage the study of technology provide all students with concepts and experiences necessary to develop understanding and abilities for the constantly changing technological world (ITEA, 1996).  The study of technology enhances student learning by highlighting the relationships among technologies and between technology and other school subjects, including science, mathematics, social studies, language arts, and other content areas (ITEA, 2000a).  Students are engaged in activities that promote technological literacy through the development of knowledge and abilities necessary to make informed decisions regarding the use and management of technology.  The study of technology is comprehensive, incorporating content identified in STL.  Technology teachers and other content area teachers provide learning opportunities that focus on the content in STL.  The study of technology begins in kindergarten and progresses through Grade 12, providing continuous learning opportunities to students.

 

            While the study of technology occurs in a continuous, cross-curricular fashion, it is also promoted in classrooms specifically charged to develop technologically literate students.  Technology education plays a critical role in advancing students toward technological literacy.  Students engage in cognitive and psychomotor activities that foster critical thinking, decision-making, and problem solving related to the use, management, and evaluation of the designed world.

 

            Technology education is not the same as educational technology.  Sometimes referred to as instructional technology, educational technology involves using technological developments, such as computers, audiovisual equipment, and mass media, as tools to enhance and optimize the teaching and learning environment in all school subjects, including technology education.  Technology education, however, is a school subject specifically designed to help students develop technological literacy.  

ITEA – International Technology Education Association           NAE – National Academy of Engineering

STL – Standards for Technological Literacy                  NRC – National Research Council



Technology Education Philosophy Statement

 

The study of technology allows all students to understand and use technology effectively in order to make successful transitions through the K-12 grades to post-secondary education, the workplace, civic/daily life, and to become lifelong learners. Through the application of technical skills, knowledge, processes, and critical thinking skills, learners will become capable problem solvers and creative thinkers who are prepared to adapt to changing environments, educational challenges and career opportunities.

The assumptions underlying this philosophy are that, in order for all students to become technologically literate, they must, through practice be able to acquire, interpret and disseminate information using computer technologies and other means; understand and use physical technologies such as production techniques and the ability to transport people and goods using appropriate energy and power systems; and be aware of the affects of bio-technologies, particularly those related to agriculture, medical technology, regulation and safety, and waste management, on all aspects of our lives.

The philosophy of the Westlake City Schools technology standards is to ensure that all students will become technologically literate through the understanding of and effective usage of technology in everyday life and the workplace.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

The Joint Council of the State Board of Education and the Ohio Board of Regents have developed standards, which identify what all students should know and be able to do in the area of technology.

Scope:

The technology standards will address a broad range of technology experiences with application in computer literacy, information literacy and technological literacy in order to provide the best possible foundation for technology achievement.

  • Computer literacy is the ability to appropriately use hardware, software applications, multimedia tools, and other electronic technology. It includes the usage of technology tools for productivity and communication. Computer literacy forms the foundation for advanced study in computer science.
  • Information literacy is the acquisition, interpretation, and dissemination of information. Information literacy focuses on effective methods for locating, evaluating, using, and generating information. Technology-based information literacy skills encompass the utilization of the Internet and other electronic information resources for research and knowledge building.
  • Technological literacy addresses the abilities needed to participate in a technological world. It encompasses unique knowledge, devices, and capabilities used to solve problems. It identifies career connections between technology and the world of work. Technological literacy includes technology education and pre-engineering concepts.

The technology fields identified above along with their corresponding national standards; as well as, additional material developed by national and state agencies, Ohio colleges/universities, and Ohio K-12 schools were further defined and illustrated by the advisory committee and presented to the writing team as a framework for the development for Ohio’s Technology Academic Content Standards. The writing team created standard statements, benchmarks, and grade-level indicators.

 

Rationale:

 

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) requires all students to become technologically literate by 8th grade. This means that basic or introductory technology concepts will be addressed by benchmarks and indicators in the K-2, 3-5, and 6-8 grade bands.

The U.S. Department of Education’s 2000 National Education Technology Plan identifies five technology goals. The third goal is applicable to the development of technology standards.

  • Goal #3: All students will have technology and information literacy skills.

It raises the bar by stating that, "A meaningful unified approach to providing students with the skills they will need for their futures must be more than a checklist of isolated technology skills, such as knowing the parts of a computer, writing drafts and final products with a word processor, or searching for information using a CD-ROM database. Technology skills are only a first step in assuring all our children become proficient information and technology users. Also necessary are information literacy skills".

US DOE  recommends that states and districts should look to national organizations such as ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education) and ITEA (International Technology Education Association) for guidance on the adoption or development of student technology and information literacy skill standards.

 

Concluding comments identify the purpose and need for technology and information literacy skills on both the individual and societal level.

  • Individual level- technology and information literacy skills will help consumers better assess products and make more intelligent buying decisions.
  • Societal level- technology and information literacy skills should help citizens make better decisions through heightened understanding of the scientific and technological foundations of many public policy issues facing the nation and the world.

National Standards:

         Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning (American Association of School Librarians, 1998)  http://www.ala.org/aasl/ip_implementation.html

         National Educational Technology Standards for Students (International Society for Technology in Education, June 1998) http://cnets.iste.org/index2.html

         Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology (International Technology Education Association, April 2000) http://www.iteawww.org/TAA/STLstds.htm

 

The following terms and definitions are used in the document:

 

Standard:                                 An overarching goal or theme in technology.  The standard

                                                statement describes, in broad terms, what students should

                                                know and be able to do as a result of the program.

 

Benchmark:                            A specific statement of what a student should know and be

                                                able to do at a specific time in his/her schooling.  Bench-

                                                marks are used to measure a student’s progress towards

                                                meeting the standard.

 

Grade-level Indicators:          A specific statement of the knowledge and/or skills that a

                                                student demonstrates at each grade level.  These indicators

                                                serve as checkpoints that monitor progress toward the

                                                benchmarks.




Content Standards


Nature of Technology Standard


Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.
Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

Technology and Society Interaction Standard


Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology's relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.
Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard


Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.
Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

Technology and Information Literacy Standard


Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.
Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard


Students utilize technology for problem-solving and decision making.
Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision making models for real world problems (concerns).

Technology and Communication Applications Standard


Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.
Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

Design Standard


Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.
Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

Abilities for a Technological World Standard


Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.
Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

 

 

 

 

 


Designed World


Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.
Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 



Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) - Technology Defined

 

Humans have been called the animals that make things, and at no time in history has that been so apparent as the present.  Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food and providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment.  Some machines, like the tractor, speed up and make more efficient activities that humans have done for hundreds or thousands of years.  Others, such as the airplane or the Internet, make possible things that humans have never been able to do before.  This collection of devices, capabilities, and the knowledge that accompanies them is called technology.

 

The Standards for Technological Literacy (STL) document defines technology as “the innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment in order to satisfy perceived human wants and needs” (ITEA, 2000a, p. 242).  This is compatible with the definition provided in the National Science Education Standards, which states, “…the goal of technology is to make modifications in the world to meet human needs” (NRC, 1996, p. 24).  Parallel to these definitions, the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s (AAAS) Benchmarks for Science Literacy presents the following: “In the broadest sense, technology extends our abilities to change the world: to cut, shape, or put together materials; to move things from one place to another; to reach farther with our hands, voices, and senses” (1993, p. 41).  In the NAE and NRC publication, Technically Speaking, technology is described as “…the process by which humans modify nature to meet their needs and wants” (2002, p.2).  All four definitions of technology are very similar and reinforce each other.

 

 

 

Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) - What is the Study of Technology?

           

Schools that encourage the study of technology provide all students with concepts and experiences necessary to develop understanding and abilities for the constantly changing technological world (ITEA, 1996).  The study of technology enhances student learning by highlighting the relationships among technologies and between technology and other school subjects, including science, mathematics, social studies, language arts, and other content areas (ITEA, 2000a).  Students are engaged in activities that promote technological literacy through the development of knowledge and abilities necessary to make informed decisions regarding the use and management of technology.  The study of technology is comprehensive, incorporating content identified in STL.  Technology teachers and other content area teachers provide learning opportunities that focus on the content in STL.  The study of technology begins in kindergarten and progresses through Grade 12, providing continuous learning opportunities to students.

 

            While the study of technology occurs in a continuous, cross-curricular fashion, it is also promoted in classrooms specifically charged to develop technologically literate students.  Technology education plays a critical role in advancing students toward technological literacy.  Students engage in cognitive and psychomotor activities that foster critical thinking, decision-making, and problem solving related to the use, management, and evaluation of the designed world.

 

            Technology education is not the same as educational technology.  Sometimes referred to as instructional technology, educational technology involves using technological developments, such as computers, audiovisual equipment, and mass media, as tools to enhance and optimize the teaching and learning environment in all school subjects, including technology education.  Technology education, however, is a school subject specifically designed to help students develop technological literacy.

Whi     

 

Key:

ITEA – International Technology Education Association

NRC – National Research Council

NAE – National Academy of Engineering

STL – Standards for Technological Literacy

 


 


Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) – What is Technological Literacy?

 

ITEA’s STL defines technological literacy as the ability to use, manage, and understand technology.  More specifically:

 

  1. The ability to use technology involves the successful operation of the systems of the time.  This includes knowing the components of existing macro systems and human adaptive systems and knowing how the systems behave.

 

  1. The ability to manage technology involves ensuring that all technological activities are efficient and appropriate.

 

  1. Assessing involves being able to make judgments and decisions about technology on an informed basis rather than an emotional one.

 

  1. Understanding technology involves the ability to understand and synthesize facts and information into new insights (ITEA, 1996).

 

From a related perspective, a publication prepared by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Research Council (NRC) entitled Technically Speaking: Why All Americans Need to Know More About Technology (2002), states that “technological literacy encompasses three interdependent dimensions – knowledge, ways of thinking and acting, and capabilities.  Like literacy in science, mathematics, social studies, or language arts, the goal of technological literacy is to provide people with the tools to participate intelligently and thoughtfully in the world around them” (p. 3).

 

Technological literacy, like other forms of literacy, is what every person needs in order to be an informed and contributing citizen for the world of today and tomorrow.  Therefore students, to achieve technological literacy, must develop a broad range of technological knowledge and abilities.  On the other hand, technological competency is what some people need to be prepared to be successful in a technical career.  Teachers must be technologically competent to direct student learning.

 

A technologically literate person understands, in increasingly sophisticated ways that evolve over time, what technology is, how it is created, and how it shapes society, and in turn is shaped by society.  He or she will be able to hear a story about technology on television or read it in the newspaper and evaluate the information in the story intelligently, put that information into context, form an opinion based on that information.  A technologically literate person will be comfortable with and objective about technology, neither scared of it nor infatuated with it.

 

Such technological literacy benefits students in a number of ways.  For the future engineers, the aspiring architects, the students who will have jobs in one area of technology or another, it means they will leave high school with a head start on their careers.  They will already understand the basics of such things as the design process, and they will have a big picture of the field they are entering, allowing them to put the specialized knowledge they learn later into a broader context.

 

Technological literacy is important for all students, even those who will not go into technological careers.  Because technology has such an impact on our economy and the environment, anyone can benefit by being familiar with it.  Everyone from the corporate executive to the farmer will be able to perform their jobs better if they are technologically literate.   

 

In our society, all students must be technologically literate in order to make wise decisions.  Having a technologically literate citizenry may not guarantee that the best decisions are made on critical or contentious issues, but it certainly improves the odds.  By developing their understanding of the history and impact of technology, students become better consumers, productive members of their community, and contributors to the forces that shape our world.  By applying their technical skills, knowledge, and processes, students can systematically solve problems.  Coupled with sound work values, habits, and attitudes, these skills give students the chance to adapt to a changing environment and enhance their creative thinking and career-development skills.  Technological literacy will make a difference.

 

 

Key:

ITEA – International Technology Education Association

NRC – National Research Council

NAE – National Academy of Engineering

STL – Standards for Technological Literacy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) – Why is Technological Literacy Important?

 

Technology has been going on since humans first formed a blade from a piece of flint, harnessed fire, or dragged a sharp stick across the ground to create a furrow for planting seeds, but today it exists to a degree unprecedented in history.  Planes, trains, and automobiles carry people and cargo from place to place at high speeds.  Telephones, television, and computer networks help people communicate with others across the street or around the world.  Medical technologies, from vaccines to magnetic resonance imaging, allow people to live longer, healthier lives.  Furthermore, technology is evolving at an extraordinary rate, with new technologies being created and existing technologies being improved and extended.

 

All this makes it particularly important that people understand and are comfortable with the concepts and workings of modern technology.  From a personal standpoint, people benefit both at work and at home by being able to choose the best products for their purposes, to operate the products properly, and to troubleshoot them when something goes wrong.  And from a societal standpoint, an informed citizenry improves the chances that decisions about the use of technology will be made rationally and responsibly.

 

Several groups, organizations, and institutions have made the case for technological literacy, including ITEA (1996, 2000a; Rose & Dugger, 2002) as well as NAE and NRC (2002).  As the commission on National Security/21st Century reported in 2001:  “The health of the U.S. economy…will depend not only on (science, math, and engineering) professionals but also on a populace that can effectively assimilate a wide range of new tools and technologies (p.39).

 

The results of the ITEA Gallup Poll indicate a very narrow view of technology by the American public, who define it as primarily computers and the Internet.  A number of questions in the poll focused on the study of technology and technological literacy as a part of the school curriculum.  When provided with a definition of technology more accepted by experts in the field, nearly all of the respondents (97%) agreed that schools should include the study of technology in the curriculum.  Of those 97%, over half said that they thought the study of technology should be required as a school subject.  The public believes technological literacy should be a part of high school graduation requirements.

 

How widespread is technological literacy among Americans today?  Unfortunately, no definitive research exists on this topic.  Levels of technological literacy vary from person to person and depend upon backgrounds, education, interests, attitudes, and abilities.  Many people are not prepared to perform routine technological activities or appreciate the significance of engineering breakthroughs.

The study of technology has traditionally not been accepted as a core subject area requirement in many elementary, middle, and high schools.  For most individuals, technological literacy has been traditionally gained through daily activities.  However, technological processes and systems have become so complex that the happenstance approach is no longer effective.  A massive, coordinated effort is needed in order to achieve a technologically literate populace.  This should involve schools, mass media and entertainment outlets, book publishers, and museums.  Schools, in collaboration with the community, must bear the bulk of this effort, because the educational system can provide the most comprehensive study of technology.

Key:

ITEA – International Technology Education Association      NAE – National Academy of Engineering

STL – Standards for Technological Literacy                        NRC – National Research Council

 


Technology Education (Academic Content Standards) – Characteristics of a Technologically Literate Person

 

Technologically literate people are problem solvers who consider technological issues from different points of view and relate them to a variety of contexts.  They understand technological impacts and consequences, acknowledging that the solution to one problem may create other problems.  They also understand that solutions often involve trade-offs, which necessitate accepting less of one quality in order to gain more of another.  They appreciate the interrelationships between technology and individuals, society, and the environment.  Technically Speaking states, “Technological literacy is more of a capacity to understand the broader technological world rather than an ability to work with specific pieces of it” (NAE & NRC, 2002 p. 22).

 

Technologically literate people understand that technology involves systems, which are groups of interrelated components designed to collectively achieve a desired goal or goals.  No single component, device, or process can be considered without understanding its relationships to all other components, devices, and processes in the system.  Those who are technologically literate have the ability to use concepts from science, mathematics, social studies, language arts, and other content areas as tools for understanding and managing technological systems.  Therefore, technologically literate people use a strong systems-oriented, creative, and productive approach to thinking about and solving technological problems.

 

Technologically literate people can identify appropriate solutions and assess and forecast the results of implementing the chosen solution.  They understand the major technological concepts behind current issues and appreciate the importance of fundamental technological developments.  They are skilled in the safe use of technological processes that may be prerequisites for their careers, health, or enjoyment.  Most importantly, technologically literate people understand that technology is the result of human activity (ITEA, 1996).

 

Technological literacy is important to all students in order for them to understand why technology and its use is such an important force in our economy.  Technological literacy benefits students who will choose technological careers – future engineers, aspiring architects, designers, and students from many other fields.  They can have a head start on their future with an education in technology.

 

Key:

ITEA – International Technology Education Association    

STL – Standards for Technological Literacy                  

NAE – National Academy of Engineering

NRC – National Research Council


 


AIRBRUSH ILLUSTRATION I

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

2.

Explain how technological development is influenced by many factors, including profit incentive and market economy.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision making.

 

 

3.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

4.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

5.

Recognize that patent, trademark and copyright law protect technological ideas and intellectual property.

 

 

6.

Recognize that technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

 

7.

Describe how technological innovation often results when ideas knowledge or skills are shared within a technology.

 

 

8.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to communication graphics technology activities.

 

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Review how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 

 

3.

Compare choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

 

4.

Understand how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants, and values.

 

 

5.

Describe how changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.

 

 

6.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning and workplace needs.

 

 

7.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

8.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

9.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

10.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

11.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

12.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

13.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

14.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.


 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

4.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for managing personal/professional information.

 

 

5.

Use emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

6.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

7.

Select the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Select appropriate technology tools and applications to retrieve and manage information, e.g. create folders in a network file to store assignments for math class.

 

 

3.

Demonstrate effective note taking and outlining methods to organize pertinent information.

 

 

4.

Use an organized system to store and maintain information.

 

 

5.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

6.

Manage a communication graphics technology project.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions

 

 

 

7.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

8.

Modify a search through the use of different keywords and other techniques specific to a database or search engine.

 

 

9.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

10.

Demonstrate how to determine copyright issues when creating new products, e.g. permissions to use articles and graphics, appropriate citation of sources.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

 

11.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

12.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g. given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem-solving and decision making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Discuss how to determine message-appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Learn about the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

5.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

6.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form (e.g., problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations).

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques:  generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others (e.g., use the webbing technique to solve a problem; think of as many ways as possible to update or modify an existing company logo).

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved (e.g., the heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home with a different location, shape or size).

 

 

4.

Understand elements and principles of design.

 

 

5.

Explain modern trends in sign making and advertising specialties.

 

 

6.

Understand legalities of using pre-existing images (copyright/trademark).

 

 

7.

Describe quality and how it is measured in communication graphics technology.

 

 

8.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to communication graphics technology activities.

 

 


 

Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

 

9.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect date and to guide the design process.

 

 

10.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honest, work habits and organizational skills.

 

 

11.

Develop and use a process to evaluate and rate several design solutions to the same problem.

 

 


 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

 

12.

Describe how business and industry use research and development to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.

 

 


 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide whether or not to address it.

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


3.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

4.

Use the appropriate communication graphics technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

5.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished product or system done proficiently.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

 

6.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

7.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

8.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

9.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate date and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

10.

Demonstrate working knowledge of clip art / stock images.

 

 

11.

Generate images utilizing a variety of electronic technologies.

 

 

12.

Understand and use appropriate file formats.

 

 

13.

Produce a variety of communication graphics technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials and processes.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of communication graphics technology tools, equipment and machines.

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

 

Benchmark A:  Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Know how information impacts the development in each of the technological systems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

2.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.

 

 

3.

Describe the careers available in information and communication technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

4.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

5.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

6.

Apply communication graphics technology to practical problems.

 

 

7.

Work safely with communication graphics technology.

 

 

8.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to communication graphics technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

9

Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing communication graphics technology illustrations.

 

 

10.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage and educate.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

11.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

12.

Identify occupations which utilize airbrush illustration.

 

 

13.

Identify reasons why careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

14.

Understand the need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 



AIRBRUSH ILLUSTRATION II

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

2.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

3.

Plan/develop technological products considering profit incentive and market economy.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision making.

 

 

4.

Demonstrate how trade-offs between competing values result in different outcomes.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

5.

Cite examples of how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

6.

Describe how trademarks, patents and copyrights protect technological ideas and intellectual property.

 

 

7.

Cite examples of how technological process is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

 

8.

Cite examples of how technological innovation has resulted when ideas, knowledge or skills have been shared within or among other technologies.

 

 

 

9.

Apply communication, mathematics, and science knowledge and skills to communication graphics technology activities.

 

 

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Compare choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

 

2.

Articulate how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 

 

3.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 


4.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

5.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

6.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

7.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

8.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

9.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

10.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

11.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

 

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

4.

Use emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

5.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

6.

Select, evaluate and troubleshoot the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Seek information to answer personal questions and curricular needs.

 

 

2.

Apply and manage information in appropriate format to suit purpose.

 

 

3.

Organize notes and group information in topic areas for developing a project.

 

 

4.

Develop personal management system for organizing and storing information.

 

 

5.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g., creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

6.

Manage a communication graphics technology project.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

7.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

8.

Select search strategies that align with identified information needs.

 

 

9.

Understand different search engines produce different results.

 

 

10.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

11.

Demonstrate how to determine copyright issues when creating new products, i.e., intellectual property rights.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g., free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

13.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g., given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Use emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Select message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Discuss the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

5.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

6.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g., problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations.

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others (e.g., use the webbing technique to solve a problem; think of as many ways as possible to update or modify a company sign.)

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved (e.g., the heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home with a different location, shape or size).

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specification, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Apply elements and principles of design.

 

 

6.

Utilize modern trends in sign making and advertising specialties.

 

 

7.

Understand legalities of using pre-existing images (copyright/trademark).

 

 

8.

Describe quality and how it is measured in communication graphics technology.

 

 

9.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to communication graphics technology activities.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

10.

Evaluate a design using established design principles, to collect data on the design’s effectiveness, and suggest improvements (e.g., how a magazine’s title can be made more aesthetically pleasing or appealing.

 

 

11.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honest, work habits and organizational skills.

 

 

12.

Develop and use a process to evaluate and rate several design solutions to the same problems.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

13.

Explain why technological problems must be researched before they can be solved.

 

 

14.

For a specific problem, list the disciplines that could contribute to a solution.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify criteria and constraints for a design problem and determine how these will effect the design process.

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 

 


3.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

4.

Use the appropriate communication graphics technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

5.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished product or system done proficiently. 

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

6.

Document processes and procedures and communicate them to other school audiences using appropriate oral, written and multimedia techniques.

 

 

7.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

8.

Operate multiple systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

9.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to the whole class.

 

 

10.

Demonstrate working knowledge of clip art/stock images.

 

 

11.

Generate images utilizing a variety of electronic technologies.

 

 

12.

Understand and use appropriate file formats.

 

 

13.

Produce a variety of communication graphics technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials and processes.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of communication graphics technology tools, equipment and machines.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

 

15.

Collect information and evaluate its quality.

 

 

16.

Describe techniques for making decisions about the future development of technology.

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

 

1.

Describe the interaction of technological systems and their impact upon each other.

 

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

2.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.

 

 

3.

Describe the careers available in information and communication technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

4.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

5.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli.

 

 

6.

Apply communication graphics technology to practical problems.

 

 

7.

Work safely with communication graphics technology.

 

 

8.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to communication graphics technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

9.

Calculate the factors that influence the cost of producing communication graphics technology illustrations.

 

 

10.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage and educate.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

11.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

12.

Identify occupations which utilize airbrush illustration.

 

 

13.

Identify the prerequisites that must be met before each step of a career.

 

 

14.

Realize that the future demand for workers in specific career paths can be estimated.

 



COMPUTER GRAPHICS

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

List and describe factors that may influence the development of technology.

 

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

3.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

4.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

5.

Recognize that the use of graphics and design is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Understand that ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

3.

Understand that humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil and energy through such techniques as reusing, reducing and recycling.

 

 

4.

Explain how, with the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information for decision-making.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

5.

Defend the position that with graphics, technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

6.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

 

 

 

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

7.

Avoids plagiarism, cites sources properly, makes copies and incorporates text and graphic images only with appropriate clearance when creating computer generated graphic products.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Application Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically.  Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs.  Students solve technical problems.  Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology systems e.g. network, vectors, bitmaps, file size, file type, etc.

 

 

2.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology hardware e.g. monitor, hard drive, floppy drive, hot keys, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

3.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

4.

Explore futuristic devices to store data.

 

 

5.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging graphic productivity tools to construct enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

6.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for creating and managing personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of different graphic systems.

 

 

7.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

8.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Demonstrate effective file maintenance and outlining methods to organize pertinent information for easy retrieval of graphic information.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

3.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

4

Review and evaluate research resources used. Does the process reflect the actual information need?

 

 

5.

Will select and use the appropriate resources to solve graphic problems or situations presented to them.

 

 

6.

Applies their communication, art, mathematics, and science knowledge and skills to graphic assignments.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

8.

Demonstrate how to use plug-in software for the Internet.

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize emerging technology for new graphic problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific design problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

4.

Demonstrate an understanding of the role of computer graphics in research and development, invention and innovation and experimentation in problem solving.

 

 

5.

Employ research and development as a specific problem solving approach that is used intensively in business and industry to prepare graphics for the marketplace.

 

 

6.

Conduct research needed to solve graphic problems.

 

 

7.

Differentiate between technological and non-technological problems, and identify which problems can be solved using computer technology.

 

 

8.

Utilize a multidisciplinary approach to solving graphic problems.

 

 

9.

Perform advanced study and use of graphic skills as an individual and as part of a team.

 

 

10.

Select an individual or group project in cooperation with the teacher.

 

 

11.

Develop an outline to plan the work to carry out the project.

 

 

12.

Show evidence of technical study in support of the project.

 

 

13.

Perform skills related to the project.

 

 

14.

Complete the project as planned.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities, which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

2.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need

 

 

3.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

4.

Use elements and formats of email to communicate with other students and knowledgeable adults, demonstrating appropriate use.

 

 

5

Create and present collaborative online projects, e.g. conduct research on local employers and job opportunities.

 

 

6.

Create websites for personal and business use and link to other appropriate sites.

 

 

Design Standard

 

Student develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving.  They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system.  They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests.  Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the electrical design process.

 

 

2.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

3.

Explain how a prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

4.

Describe how graphic design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

5.

Identifies and practices teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, good work habits and organizational skills.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is measured in graphic production.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of past graphics on society.

 

 

 

7.

Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusions regarding the effect of graphics on the individual, society, and environment.

 

 

8.

Produce graphs and/or charts to describe trends and visualize data.

 

 

9.

Research the cost of advertisement production as measured to the public.

 

 

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems.  They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems.  They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems.  Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems.  Students evaluate the impact of products of systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide how to address it.

 

 

2.

Identify criteria and constraints for a design problem and determine how these will affect the design process.

 

 

3.

Develop and produce a graphic or system using a planned design process.

 


4.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

5.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

6.

Diagnose a past design that has been used materials, machines and knowledge to replace it.

 

 

7.

Operate graphic design systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

8.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

9.

Demonstrate the proper computer file and folder maintenance.

 


 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, information, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process.  Critical to this will be students’ understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants.  Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time and people are used in the development of useful products and systems.  Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems.  Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts.  Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world.  “The technological

 

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

 

1.

Describe the interaction of history and technological development in each of the technological systems.

 

 

2.

Describe how lack of infrastructure can inhibit technology transfer between countries in each of the technological systems.

 

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.

 

 

4.

Describe how graphics reflect the convergence of technological advances in a number of fields, including medicine, telecommunications, virtual presence, computer engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and materials science.

 

 

Benchmark D: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies in the graphics industry.

 

 

5.

Describe how agriculture includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical, and other useful products.

 

 

6.

Describe the graphic careers available in agricultural and biotechnology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

Benchmark E: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electrical energy and power technologies.

 

 

5.

Understand that electrical energy is never created or destroyed; but it can be converted from one form to another.

 

 

6.

Explore renewable and nonrenewable resources to produce electricity.

 

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

7.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information electronically.

 

 

8.

Describe the careers available in information and electronic communication technology systems and the education required for them.

 

 

9.

Use electronics and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine to machine.

 

 

Benchmark G: Students will develop awareness the affect of graphic design and it’s influence on the transportation technologies.

 

 

10.

Describe the careers available in transportation technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use graphics in the manufacturing technologies.

 

 

11.

Students will create various graphics used in advertising and publishing

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific graphic careers.

 

 

12.

Careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

13.

Prerequisite must be met before each step of a career.

 

 

14.

The need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 

15.

Future demand for workers in specific career paths can be estimated.

 

 

16.

Discuss individual interests related to a career in graphics design.

 

 

17.

Explore career opportunities.

 

 

18.

Explore secondary education opportunities related to graphics.

 

 

19.

Conduct a job search.

 

 

20.

Complete a job application form correctly.

 


Electricity/Electronics I

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

List and describe factors that may influence the development of technology.

 

 

3.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

4.

Recognize that the stability of a technological system is influenced by all system components, especially those in the feedback loop.

 

 

5.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

6.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

7.

Recognize that technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.


Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

 

Benchmark A:  Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Understand that ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.

 

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

3.

Understand that humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil and energy through such techniques as reusing, reducing and recycling.

 

 

4.

Explain how, with the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information for decision-making.

 

 

5.

Understand that the appropriate design of technological maximizes performance and reduces negative impacts on the environment.

 

 

6.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

7.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.

Know the harmful effects of electrical devices not being recycled and the programs available to reuse the parts or raw materials.

 

 

9.

Follow the appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to electrical or electrical technology, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM).

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

10.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

11.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

12.

Defend the position that electrical technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

13.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

14.

Avoids plagiarism, cites sources properly, makes copies and incorporates text and images only with appropriate clearance when creating information products.

 

 

15.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assesses the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning and workplace needs.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically.  Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs.  Students solve technical problems.  Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology systems e.g. network, LAN, WAN, wireless, firewall, etc.

 

 

2.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology hardware e.g. peripheral, serial, parallel, universal serial bus, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

3.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

4.

Explore futuristic devices to store data.

 

 

5.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

 

6.

Select appropriate tools, procedures, and/or equipment needed to produce a product or experimental circuit or prototype.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the safe usage of appropriate tools, procedures, and operation of equipment needed to produce a product.

 

 

8.

Maintain and troubleshoot equipment used in a variety of technological systems.

 

 

9.

Follow laboratory electrical safety rules and procedures.

 

 

10.

Demonstrate good housekeeping at workstation within total laboratory.

 

 

11.

Identify color-coding safety standards.

 

 

12.

Explain fire prevention and electrical safety precautions and practices.

 

 

13.

Identify harmful effects/potential dangers of familiar hazardous substances/devices to people and the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

14.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for managing personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

15.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

16.

Select, evaluate and troubleshoot the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

17.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

18.

Identify/recognize strategies for identifying and solving routine hardware and software problems that occur during everyday use.

 

Benchmark E: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

19.

Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusions regarding the effect of technology on the individual, society and environment.

 

 

20.

Produce graphs and/or charts to describe trends and visualize data.

 

 

21.

Describe how a technological change has affected the local community.

 

 

22.

Research the cost of electrical production as measured to the public.

 

 

23.

Understand the influence of mass production on price of electronic products.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Demonstrate effective note taking and outlining methods to organize pertinent information.

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

3.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

4

Review and evaluate research resources used. Does the process reflect the actual information need?

 

 

5.

Will select and use the appropriate resources to solve electrical or electronic problems or situations.

 

 

6.

Applies their communication, mathematics, and science knowledge and skills to electrical or electronic activities.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

8.

Demonstrate how to install and use plug-in software for the Internet.

 


Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

4.

Employ research and development as a specific problem solving approach that is used intensively in business and industry to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.

 

 

5.

Conduct research needed to solve technological problems.

 

 

6.

Differentiate between technological and non-technological problems, and identify which problems can be solved using technology.

 

 

7.

Utilize a multidisciplinary approach to solving technological problems.

 

 

8.

Perform advanced study and technical skills related to materials and processes.

 

 

9.

Select an individual or group project in cooperation with the teacher.

 

 

10.

Develop a written plan of work to carry out the project.

 

 

11.

Show evidence of technical study in support of the project.

 

 

12.

Perform skills related to the project.

 

 

13.

Complete the project as planned.

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities that expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

2.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need

 

 

3.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

4.

Use elements and formats of email to communicate with other students and knowledgeable adults, demonstrating appropriate use.

 

 

5.

Create and present collaborative online projects, e.g. conduct research on local employers and job opportunities.


Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

2.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the electrical design process.

 

 

3.

Explain how established electrical design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

4.

Explain how a prototype is a working circuit used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

5.

Describe how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

6.

Identifies and practices teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, good work habits and organizational skills.

 

 

7.

Describe quality and how it is measured in electronic technologies.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide whether or not to address it.

 

 

2.

Identify criteria and constraints for a design problem and determine how these will affect the design process.

 

 

3.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


4.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

5.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

6.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

7.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

8.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

9.

Demonstrates the proper electrical or electronic maintenance.

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

 

1.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

 

2.

Describe how lack of infrastructure can inhibit technology transfer between countries in each of the technological systems.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.

 

 

4.

Describe the careers available in technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

5.

Describe how electronics reflects the convergence of technological advances in a number of fields, including medicine, telecommunications, virtual presence, computer engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and materials science.

 

 

Benchmark D: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies.

 

 

 

6.

Describe how agriculture includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical and other useful products.

 

 

7.

Describe the electrical careers available in agricultural and biotechnology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

Benchmark E: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electrical energy and power technologies.

 

 

 

8.

Understand that electrical energy is never created or destroyed; but it can be converted from one form to another.

 

 

9.

Explore renewable and nonrenewable resources to produce electricity.

 

 

10.

Experiment with the alternating and direct currents and voltages available in their homes and workplaces.

 

 

11.

Identify the source of energy, conversion process, and load in a variety of power systems.

 

 

12.

Understand that all energy delivery systems need an infrastructure.

 

 

13.

Safely use the tools and processes of energy and power technological systems.

 

 

14.

Understand that energy can be converted into other major forms: thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical and magnetic.

 

 

 

15.

Design and build electrical control circuits to better understand the principles and control of the electrical effects on common devices.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

16.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information electronically.

 

 

17.

Describe the careers available in information and electronic communication technology systems and the education required for them.

 

 

18.

Use electronics and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine-to-machine.

 

 

19.

Analyze communication systems and identify the source, encoder, transmitter, receiver, decoder, storage, retrieval, and destination.

 

Benchmark G: Students will develop awareness the affect of electricity and electronics design and it’s influence on the transportation technologies.

 

 

20.

Describe the vital role transportation plays in the operation of other technologies, such as manufacturing, construction, communication, health and safety, and agriculture.

 

 

21.

Describe the careers available in transportation technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electrical construction technologies.

 

 

22.

Infrastructure is the underlying base or basic electrical system.

 

 

23.

Structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.

 

 

24.

Structures require maintenance, alteration, or renovation periodically to improve them or to alter their intended use.

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electronic manufacturing technologies.

 

 

25.

Materials have different qualities and may be classified as natural, synthetic, or mixed.

 

 

26.

Manufacturing systems may be classified into types, such as customized production, batch production, and continuous production.

 

 

27.

The interchangeability of parts increases the effectiveness of manufacturing processes.

 

 

 

28.

Servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

29.

Durable goods are designed to operate for a long period of time, while non-durable goods are designed to operate for a short period of time.

 

 

30.

Chemical technologies provide a means for humans to alter or modify materials and to produce chemical products.

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

31.

Career requires the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

32.

Prerequisite must be met before each step of a career.

 

 

33.

The need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 

34.

Future demand for workers in specific career paths can be estimated.

 

 

35.

Discuss individual interests related to a career in materials and processes.

 

 

36.

Explore career opportunities related to material and processes.

 

 

37.

Explore secondary education opportunities related to materials and processes.

 

 

38.

Conduct a job search.

 

 

39.

Complete a job application form correctly.

 

 


ELECTRICITY/ELECTRONICS II

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

List and describe factors that may influence the development of technology.

 

 

3.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

4.

Recognize that the stability of a technological system is influenced by all system components, especially those in the feedback loop.

 

 

5.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

6.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

7.

Recognize that technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.


Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Understand that ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

3.

Understand that humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil and energy through such techniques as reusing, reducing and recycling.

 

 

4.

Explain how, with the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information for decision-making.

 

 

5.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

6.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

 

7.

Know the harmful effects of electrical devices not being recycled and the programs available to reuse the parts or raw materials.

 

 

8.

Follow the appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to electrical or electronic technology, such as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), and the American Society for Testing Materials.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

9.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

10.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

11.

Defend the position that electrical technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

12.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

13.

Avoids plagiarism, cites sources properly, makes copies and incorporates text and images only with appropriate clearance when creating information products.

 

 

14.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

Benchmark E: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

15.

Synthesize data, analyze trends, and draw conclusion regarding the effect of technology on the individual, society and environment.

 

 

16.

Research the cost of electrical production as measured to the public.

 

 

17.

Understand the influence of mass production on price of electronic products.

 

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology systems e.g. network, LAN, WAN, wireless, firewall, etc.

 

 

2.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology hardware e.g. peripheral, serial, parallel, universal serial bus, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

3.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

4.

Explore futuristic devices to store data.

 

 

5.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

 

6.

Select appropriate tools, procedures and/or equipment needed to produce a product or experimental circuit or prototype.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the safe usage of appropriate tools, procedures and operation of equipment needed to produce a product.

 

 

8.

Maintain and troubleshoot equipment used in a variety of technological systems.

 

 

9.

Follow laboratory electrical safety rules and procedures.

 

 

10.

Demonstrate good housekeeping at workstation within total laboratory.

 

 

11.

Identify color-coding safety standards.

 

 

12.

Explain fire prevention and electrical safety precautions and practices.

 

 

13.

Identify harmful effect/potential dangers of familiar hazardous substances/devices to people and the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

14.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for managing personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

15..

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

16.

Select, evaluate and troubleshoot the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

17.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

18.

Identify/recognize strategies for identifying and solving routine hardware and software problems that occur during everyday use.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Demonstrate effective note taking and outlining methods to organize pertinent information.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

3.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

4

Review and evaluate research resources used. Does the process reflect the actual information need?

 

 

5.

Will select and use the appropriate resources to solve electrical or electronic problems or situations.

 

 

6.

Applies their communication, mathematics, and science knowledge and skills to electrical or electronic activities.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

4.

Employ research and development as a specific problem solving approach that is used intensively in business and industry to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.

 

 

5.

Conduct research needed to solve technological problems.

 

 

6.

Differentiate between technological and non-technological problems, and identify which problems can be solved using technology.

 

 

7.

Utilize a multidisciplinary approach to solving technological problems.

 

 

8.

Perform advanced study and technical skills related to electronic circuits, materials and processes.

 

 

9.

Select an individual or group project in cooperation with the teacher.

 

 

10.

Develop a written plan of work to carry out the project.

 

 

11.

Show evidence of technical study in support of the projects.

 

 

12.

Perform skills related to the projects.

 

 

13.

Complete the project as planned.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities, which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

2.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need

 

 

3.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

4.

Use elements and formats of email to communicate with other students and knowledgeable adults, demonstrating appropriate use.

 

 

5.

Create and present collaborative online projects, e.g. conduct research on local employers and job opportunities.

 

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving.  They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system.  They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests.  Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the electrical design process.

 

 

2.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

3.

Explain how a prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

4.

Describe how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

5.

Identifies and practices teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, good work habits and organizational skills.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is measured in electronic technologies.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide whether or not to address it.

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


3.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

4.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

5.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

6.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

7.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

8.

Demonstrates the proper electrical or electronic maintenance.

 

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, information, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process.  Critical to this will be students’ understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants.  Student understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems.  Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems.  Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts.  Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world.  *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Describe the interaction of history and technological development in each of the technological systems.

 

 

2.

Describe how lack of infrastructure can inhibit technology transfer between countries in each of the technological systems.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

Benchmark C: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.

 

 

4.

Describe how electronics reflects the convergence of technological advances in a number of fields, including medicine, telecommunications, virtual presence, computer engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and materials science.

 

Benchmark D: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies.

 

 

5.

Describe how agriculture includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical and other useful products.

 

 

6.

Describe the electrical careers available in agricultural and biotechnology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

Benchmark E: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electrical energy and power technologies.

 

 

7.

Understand that electrical energy is never created or destroyed; but it can be converted from one form to another.

 

 

8.

Explore renewable and nonrenewable resources to produce electricity.

 

 

9.

Describe the careers available in energy and power technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

10.

Identify the source of energy, conversion process, and load in a variety of power systems.

 

 

11.

Understand that all energy delivery systems need an infrastructure.

 

 

 

12.

Safely use the tools and processes of energy and power technological systems.

 

 

13.

Understand that energy can be converted into other major forms: thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical, and magnetic.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

14.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information electronically.

 

 

15.

Describe the careers available in information and electronic communication technology systems and the education required for them.

 

 

16.

Use electronics and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine-to-machine.

 

 

17.

Analyze communication systems and identify the source, encoder, transmitter, receiver, decoder, storage, retrieval, and destination.

 

Benchmark G: Students will develop awareness the affect of electricity and electronics design and it’s influence on the transportation technologies.

 

 

18.

Describe the vital role transportation plays in the operation of other technologies, such as manufacturing, construction, communication, health and safety, and agriculture.

 

 

19.

Describe the careers available in transportation technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies related to electronics.

 

 

20.

Materials have different qualities and may be classified as natural, synthetic, or mixed.

 

 

21.

The interchangeability of parts increases the effectiveness of manufacturing processes.

 

 

22.

Servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use electrical construction technologies.

 

 

23.

Infrastructure is the underlying base or basic framework of a system.

 

 

24.

Structures require maintenance, alteration, or renovation periodically to improve them or to alter their intended use.

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

25.

Career requires the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

26.

Prerequisite must be met before each step of a career.

 

 

27.

The need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 

28.

Future demand for workers in specific career paths can be estimated.

 

 

29.

Discuss individual interest related to a career in materials and processes.

 

 

30.

Explore career opportunities related to materials and processes.

 

 

31.

Explore secondary education opportunities related to materials and processes.

 

 

32.

Conduct a job search.

 

 

33.

Complete a job application form correctly.

 



EXPLORING TECHNOLOGY

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

List and describe factors that may influence the development of technology.

 

 

3.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

4.

Explain how technological development is influenced by many factors, including profit incentive and market economy.

 

 

5.

Identify the factors that influence the evolution of manufacturing, construction, information, communication, energy, power, transportation, medical, agricultural, and bio-related technology.

 

 

6.

Identify the factors that influence the cost of producing goods and services in manufacturing, construction, information, communication, energy, power, transportation, medical, agricultural, and bio-related technology.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision making.

 

 

7.

Recognize that the stability of a technological system is influenced by all system components, especially those in the feedback loop.

 

 

8.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

9.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

10.

Recognize that patent, trademark and copyright law protect technological ideas and intellectual property.

 

 

11.

Recognize that technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

 

12.

Describe how technological innovation often results when ideas knowledge or skills are shared within a technology.

 

 

13.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to multiple technology activities.

 

 

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

 

2.

Understand that ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.

 

 

 

3.

Review how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 

 

 

4.

Compare choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

 

5.

Describe how changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.

 

 


6.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

7.

Understand how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants, and values.

 

 

8.

Provide examples of how transfer of a technology from one society to another can cause cultural, social, economic, and political changes affecting both societies to varying degrees.

 

 

9.

Understand that the development of technology may be influenced by societal opinions and demands, in addition to corporate cultures.

 

 

10.

Analyze advantages and disadvantages of widespread use and reliance on technology in the workplace and in society as a whole.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

11.

Understand that humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil and energy through such techniques as reusing, reducing and recycling.

 

 

12.

Understand that when new technologies are developed to reduce the use of resources, considerations of trade-offs are important.

 

 

13.

Explain how, with the aid of technology, various aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide information for decision-making.

 

 

14.

Understand that the appropriate design of technological maximizes performance and reduces negative impacts on the environment.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

16.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

17.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

18.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

19.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

20.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

21.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

22.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology systems e.g. network, LAN, WAN, wireless, firewall, etc.

 

 

2.

Use vocabulary related to computer and multimedia technology hardware e.g. peripheral, serial, parallel, universal serial bus , etc.

 

 

3.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

4.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

5.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

 

6.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

7.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for managing personal/professional information.

 

 

8.

Use emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

9.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

10.

Select the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Select appropriate technology tools and applications to retrieve and manage information, e.g. create folders in a network file to store assignments for math class.

 

 

3.

Describe a variety of systems for organizing information resources, e.g., networks, external storage drives, digital media.

 

 

4.

Demonstrate effective note taking and outlining methods to organize pertinent information.

 

 

5.

Use an organized system to store and maintain information.

 

 

6.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

7.

Manage a technology project.

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

8.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

9.

Describe a variety of systems for organizing information resources, e.g., networks, external storage drives, digital media.

 

 

10.

Understand different search engines produce different results.

 

 

11.

Modify a search through the use of different keywords and other techniques specific to a database or search engine.

 

 

12.

Identify and evaluate relevant information and select pertinent information found iin each source.

 

 

13.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

14.

Analyze information, finding connections that lead to a final product.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g., free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

16.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g., given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem-solving and decision making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize/use emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Discuss how to determine message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Learn about the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

5.

Create effective video and web products using principles of design when manipulating file formats, e.g. jpg, wave, and avi.

 

 

6.

Apply principles of design when creating print media and multimedia, video and Web pages, such as framing shots and set design for video.

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

7.

Select, use and evaluate graphic organizers and storyboarding to organize presentations.

 

 

8.

Preview presentation and revise based on student-designed rubric which includes design, usage (spelling/grammar) and content.

 

 

9.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need and audience

 

 

10.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

11.

Create non-linear electronic slideshows with multimedia effects.

 

 

12.

Present and evaluate research in a multimedia format.

 

 

13.

Script & produce digital/video/film projects.

 

 

14.

Develop Web page(s) to communicate curriculum concepts with authoring software.

 

 

15.

Incorporate the use of emerging technologies for curricular needs.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

17.

Integrate online resources into research, course work, and inquiries, sharing what has been learned with others.

 

 

 

Design Standard

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others, e.g. Use the webbing technique to solve a problem. e.g. Think of as many things as possible to do with old motor oil.

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved, e.g. The horsepower of an engine for one vehicle may not be the best for another, with a different weight, shape, function, or size.

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Describe quality and how it is evaluated in technological products.

 

 

 

6.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to multiple technology activities.

 

 

7.

Describe simulation.

 

 

8.

Describe the intended and unintended effects of technological solutions.

 

 

9.

Describe how manufacturing, construction, information, communication, energy, power, transportation, medical, agricultural, and bio-related technology can be used to solve practical problems.

 

 

10.

Use appropriate design processes and techniques to develop or improve products or services in manufacturing, construction, information, communication, energy, power, transportation, medical, agricultural, and bio-related technology.

 

 

11.

Discover and describe emerging and innovative manufacturing, construction, information, communication, energy, power, transportation, medical, agricultural, and bio-related technologies.

 

 


Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

12.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

13.

Explain the different engineering disciplines and how they relate to the major technology systems.

 

 

14.

Explain how a prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

15.

Describe how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

16.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, work habits, and organizational skills.

 

 

17.

Describe the experimental method as it is applied to design.

 

 

18.

Create a model of a design solution to an engineering problem.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

19.

Describe how business and industry use research and development to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.

 

 

20.

Research consumer preferences for a new product.

 

 

21.

Explain why technological problems must be researched before they can be solved.

 

 

22.

Explain why technological problems require a multidisciplinary approach.

 

 

23.

Research previous solutions to a problem.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide whether or not to address it.

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 

 

3.

Refine a design by using prototypes and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity of the final product

 


4.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

5.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished product or system done proficiently.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

6.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

7.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

8.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

9.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

10.

Use a variety of technological tools, equipment, machines, materials, and technical processes to build products.

 

 

11.

Work safely with technological tools, equipment, machines, and materials used in manufacturing, construction, information, communication, medical, agricultural, bio-related, transportation, energy, and power technology.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of technological tools, equipment, and machines.

 

 

13.

Demonstrate the ability to acquire, store, allocate, and use materials or space efficiently.

 

 

14.

Apply modern production technology practices and equipment in the technical processing of a variety of industrial materials, such as wood, metals, and plastic.

 

 

15.

Apply the appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to manufacturing, construction, information, communication, medical, agricultural, bio-related, transportation, energy, and power technology, such as OSHA, NEC, ASTM, standard symbols, line weights, etc.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

 

16.

Collect information and evaluate its quality.

 

 

17.

Describe criteria for accessing the quality of information.

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Know how information impacts the development in each of the technological systems.

 

 

2.

Describe how the public can get involved in the regulatory decision making in each of the technological systems.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

Benchmark C: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.

 

 

4.

Describe how genetic engineering involves modifying the structure of DNA to produce novel genetic make-ups.

 

 

5.

Describe the careers available in medical technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

 

6.

Describe new sensing technologies being used to diagnose medical conditions less invasively.

 

 

7.

Apply medical technology to practical problems.

 

 

Benchmark D: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies.

 

 

8.

Describe how agriculture includes a combination of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel, chemical, and other useful products.

 

 

9.

Describe the careers available in agricultural and biotechnology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

10.

List biotechnology applications in such areas as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, medicine, energy, the environment, and genetic engineering.

 

 

11.

Apply agricultural and related biotechnologies to practical problems.

 

 

Benchmark E: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use energy and power technologies.

 

 

12.

Understand that energy is never created or destroyed; but, it can be converted from one form to another.

 

 

13.

Explore renewable and nonrenewable resources.

 

 

14.

Describe the careers available in energy and power technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

15.

Identify the source of energy, conversion process, and load in a variety of power systems.

 

 

16.

Understand that all energy delivery systems need an infrastructure.

 

 

17.

Understand that energy can be grouped into major forms: thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear, and others.

 

 

18.

Investigate different types of energy sources for personal transportation.

 

 

19.

Create a product (or prototype) or services using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, and technical processes.

 

 

 

20.

Improve or modify a product or service utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

21.

Investigate emerging and innovative applications of energy and power technology.

 

 

22.

Build energy and power devices using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, materials, and technical processes.

 

 

23.

Safely use the tools and processes of energy and power technology systems.

 

 

24.

Manage an energy and power technology project.

 

 

25.

Apply energy and power technologies to practical problems.

 

 

26.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to energy and power technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

27.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.

 

 

28.

Describe the careers available in information and communication technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

29.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

30.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

31.

Use information and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine to machine.

 

 

32.

Design and illustrate a product utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

33.

Create a product (or prototype) using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, and technical processes.

 

 

34.

Improve or modify a product utilizing design and illustrative processes and techniques.

 

 

 

35.

Investigate emerging and innovative applications of information and communication technology.

 

 

36.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to information and communication technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

37.

Manage an information and communication technology project.

 

 

38.

Apply information and communication technologies to practical problems.

 

Benchmark G: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use transportation technologies.

 

 

39.

Describe the vital role transportation plays in the operation of other technologies, such as manufacturing, construction, communication, health and safety, and agriculture.

 

 

40.

Describe the careers available in transportation technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

41.

Describe how transportation services and methods have led to a population that is mobile.

 

 

42.

Define intermodalism as the use of different modes of transportation, such as highways, railways, and waterways as part of an interconnected system that can move people and goods easily from one mode to another.

 

 

43.

Design transportation systems using innovative techniques.

 

 

44.

Safely use the tools and processes of transportation technology systems.

 

 

45.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to transportation technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

46.

Manage a transportation technology project.

 

 

47.

Apply transportation technology to practical problems.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

48.

Distinguish between materials that have different qualities and may be classified as natural, synthetic, or mixed.

 

 

49.

Describe the difference between manufacturing systems that are classified into types, such as customized production, batch production, and continuous production.

 

 

50.

Recognize that servicing (maintenance) keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

51.

Understand that the interchangeability of parts increases the effectiveness of manufacturing processes.

 

 

52.

Realize marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it.

 

 

53.

Design a product utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

54.

Manufacture a product using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, and technical processes.

 

 

55.

Improve or modify a product utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

56.

Investigate emerging and innovative applications of manufacturing technology.

 

 

57.

Safely use the tools and processes of manufacturing technology systems.

 

 

58.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to manufacturing technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

59.

Manage a manufacturing technology project.

 

 

60.

Apply manufacturing technology to practical problems.

 

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use construction technologies.

 

 

61.

Understand that the infrastructure is the underlying base or basic framework of a system.

 

 

62.

Describe how structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.

 

 

63.

Understand that structures can include prefabricated materials.

 

 

 

64.

Realize that structures require maintenance, alteration, or renovation periodically to improve them or to alter their intended use.

 

 

65.

List the number of requirements in the design of structures.

 

 

66.

Safely use the tools and processes of construction technology systems.

 

 

67.

Design a product utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

68.

Construct a product using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, and technical processes.

 

 

69.

Improve or modify a product utilizing design processes and techniques.

 

 

70.

Build buildings or structures (full scale or model size) using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials, and technical processes.

 

 

71.

Manage a construction technology project.

 

 

72.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to construction technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

73.

Investigate emerging and innovative applications of construction technology.

 

 

74.

Apply construction technology to practical problems.

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

75.

Identify reasons why careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

76.

Understand prerequisites must be met before each step of a career.


TECHNICAL DRAWING/DESIGN I

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

3.

Describe situations where the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

4.

Describe how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

5.

Recognize that patent, trademark and copyright law protect technological ideas and intellectual property.

 

 

6.

Recognize that technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

 

7.

Describe how technological innovation often results when ideas knowledge or skills are shared within a technology.

 

 

8.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Review how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 

 

3.

Compare choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

 

4.

Understand how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants, and values.

 

 

5.

Describe how changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.

 


6.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

7.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

8.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

9.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

 

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

10.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

11.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

12.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

13.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

14.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

4.

Identify/recognize emerging technology tools for managing personal/professional information.

 

5.

Use emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

6.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

7.

Select the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Recognize the importance of information in achieving learning goals.

 

 

2.

Select appropriate technology tools and applications to retrieve and manage information, e.g. create folders in a network file to store assignments for math class.

 

 

 

3.

Demonstrate effective note taking and outlining methods to organize pertinent information.

 

 

4.

Use an organized system to store and maintain information.

 

 

5.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

6.

Manage a technical drawing/design technology project.

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

7.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

8.

Select search strategies that align with identified information needs.

 

 

9.

Modify a search through the use of different keywords and other techniques specific to a database or search engine.

 

 

10.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

11.

Demonstrate how to determine copyright issues when creating new products, e.g. permissions to use articles and graphics, appropriate citation of sources.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

13.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g. given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Identify/recognize/use emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities, which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Discuss how to determine message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Learn about the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

5.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

6.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need and audience.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others, e.g. Use the webbing technique to solve a problem. E.g. Think of as many ways as possible to update or modify an existing company logo.

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved, e.g. The heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home, with a different location, shape, or size.

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Understand elements and principles of design.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is evaluated in technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

7.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 


Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

8.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

9.

Explain the different engineering disciplines and how they relate to the major technology systems.

 

 

10.

Explain how a prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

11.

Describe how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

12.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, work habits, and organizational skills.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

13.

Describe how business and industry use research and development to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.

 

 

14.

Explain why technological problems require a multidisciplinary approach.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify a design problem and decide whether or not to address it.

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


3.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

4.

Use the appropriate technical drawing/design technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

5.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished illustration, drawing, product, or system done proficiently.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

6.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

7.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

8.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

9.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

10.

Understand and use appropriate file formats.

 

 

11.

Produce a variety of technical drawing/design technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials, and processes.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of technical drawing/design technology tools, equipment, and machines.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

13.

Collect information and evaluate its quality.

 

 

14.

Describe criteria for accessing the quality of information.

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Know how information impacts the development in each of the technological systems.

 

 

2.

Explain examples of how the current level of technology in one technological system can limit or help advance the level of technology in a different technological system.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

4.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.

 

 

5.

Describe the careers available in information and communication technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

6.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

7.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

8.

Use information and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine-to-machine.

 

 

9.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage, and educate.

 

 

10.

Apply technical drawing/design technology to practical problems.

 

 

11.

Work safely with technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

12.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to technical drawing/design technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

 

13

Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing technical drawing/design technology illustrations.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities on the use and care of technical drawing/design instruments, equipment, and materials.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities on the properties, specifications, and use of technical drawing/design materials and supplies.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate technical abilities and applications common to all types of technical drawing/design, including lettering, sketching, visualization, symbols & alphabet of lines, measuring, dimensioning, geometric constructions, interpreting information, applying coordinate systems, and the production and reproduction of drawings/illustrations.

 

 

17.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating basic orthographic projection drawings.

 

 

18.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating pictorial (3D) drawings.

 

 

19.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating auxiliary view drawings, including descriptive geometry.

 

 

20.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating sectional view drawings.

 

 

21.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating basic machine drawings.

 

 

22.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating basic elevation and floor plan residential drawings.

 

 

23.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities to understand and use computer aided drafting/design software, hardware, and systems to create a variety of drawings and illustrations.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

24.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use construction technologies.

 

 

25.

Recognize that structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.

 

 

26.

Understand the design of structures includes a number of requirements.

 

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

27.

Identify occupations, which utilize technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

28.

Identify reasons why careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

29.

Understand the need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 



TECHNICAL DRAWING/DESIGN II  -  IB “Design Technology” Equivalent

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Recognize the relationship between goal directed research and invention/innovation.

 

 

2.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

3.

Apply goal directed research to the process of invention.

 

 

4.

Plan/develop technological products considering profit incentive and market economy.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision making.

 

 

5.

Demonstrate how trade-offs between competing values result in different outcomes.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

6.

Cite examples of how technology transfer occurs when an innovation in one setting is applied in a different setting.

 

 

7.

Describe how trademarks, patents and copyrights protect technological ideas and intellectual property.

 

 

8.

Cite examples of how technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics, and other fields of study.

 

 

 

9.

Cite examples of how technological innovation has resulted when ideas, knowledge or skills have been shared within or among other technologies.

 

 

10.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 

 

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain how making decisions about the use of technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the positive and negative effects.

 

 

2.

Review how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 

 

3.

Compare choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

 

4.

Describe how changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.

 


5.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

6.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

 

8.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

9.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

10.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

11.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

12.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

13.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Explore futuristic devices to store data .

 

 

4.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

5.

Use emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

6.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

7.

Select and evaluate the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

8.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Seek information to answer personal questions and curricular needs.

 

 

2.

Apply and manage information in appropriate format to suit purpose.

 

 

3.

Organize notes and group information in topic areas for developing a project.

 

 

4.

Develop personal management system for organizing and storing information.

 

 

5.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

6.

Manage a technical drawing/design technology project.

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

7.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

8.

Select search strategies that align with identified information needs.

 

 

9.

Understand different search engines produce different results.

 

 

10.

Identify and evaluate relevant information and select pertinent information found in each source.

 

 

12.

Use standard bibliographic format to list sources.

 

 

13.

Modify a search through the use of different keywords and other techniques specific to a database or search engine.

 

 

14.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate how to determine copyright issues when creating new products, e.g. permissions to use articles and graphics, appropriate citation of sources.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate the difference between databases, directories, and search engines, e.g. free vs. fee-based resources, and delivery mechanisms (CD, DVD, Network, Internet).

 

 

17.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g. given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem-solving and decision making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Use emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Integrate information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Select message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Discuss the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

5.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

6.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need and audience.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

7.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others, e.g. Use the webbing technique to solve a problem. e.g. Think of as many ways as possible to use old bricks from a torn down house.

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved, e.g. The heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home, with a different location, shape, or size.

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Understand elements and principles of design.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is evaluated in technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

7.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 


Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

8.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

9.

Explain how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

10.

Build a prototype to test a design concept and make actual observations and necessary design adjustments.

 

 

11.

Describe how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.

 

 

12.

Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.

 

 

13.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, work habits, and organizational skills.

 

 

14.

Develop and use a process to evaluate and rate several design solutions to the same problem.

 

 

 

15.

Solve a problem as a group with students each taking a specific engineering role, e.g. Design a light rail hub with students taking the roles of architect, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, etc.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

16.

Explain why technological problems must be researched before they can be solved.

 

 

17.

Research previous solutions to a problem.

 

 

18.

Explain why technological problems require a multidisciplinary approach.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Identify criteria and constraints for a design problem and determine how these will affect the design process.

 

 

2.

Refine a design by using prototypes and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity of the final product

 

 

3.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


4.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

5.

Use the appropriate technical drawing/design technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

6.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished illustration, drawing, product, or system done proficiently.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

7.

Document processes and procedures using appropriate oral and written techniques.

 

 

8.

Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair it.

 

 

9.

Operate systems so that they function in the way they were designed.

 

 

10.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

11.

Understand and use appropriate file formats.

 

 

12.

Produce a variety of technical drawing/design technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials, and processes.

 

 

13.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of technical drawing/design technology tools, equipment, and machines.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

 

14.

Collect information and evaluate its quality.

 

 

15.

Describe criteria for accessing the quality of information.

 

 

16.

Describe techniques for making decisions about the future development of technology.

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Explain examples of how the current level of technology in one technological system can limit or help advance the level of technology in a different technological system.

 

 

2.

Describe the interaction of technological systems and their impact upon each other.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

4.

Use a variety of information and communication technologies to demonstrate the inputs, processes, and outputs associated with sending and receiving information.

 

 

5.

Describe the careers available in information and communication technology systems and the education needed to pursue them.

 

 

6.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

7.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

8.

Use information and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine to machine.

 

 

9.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage, and educate.

 

 

10.

Apply technical drawing/design technology to practical problems.

 

 

11.

Work safely with technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

12.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to technical drawing/design technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

13

Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing technical drawing/design technology illustrations.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities on the use and care of technical drawing/design instruments, equipment, and materials.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities on the properties, specifications, and use of technical drawing/design materials and supplies.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate technical abilities and applications common to all types of technical drawing/design, including lettering, sketching, visualization, symbols & alphabet of lines, measuring, dimensioning, geometric constructions, interpreting information, applying coordinate systems, and the production and reproduction of drawings/illustrations.

 

 

17.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating architectural., construction, manufacturing, engineering, and design drawings.

 

 

18.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating pictorial (3D) drawings.

 

 

19.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating a reverse engineering drawing (as built) from a solid object.

 

 

20.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating technical  drawings and illustrations.

 

 

21.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating industrial, interior, and graphic design drawings.

 

 

22.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating a dimensioned architectural set of drawings (including a floor plan, foundation plan, roof plan, site plan, elevations, wall section, and materials list/specification sheet/schedules).

 

 

23.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a construction technology problem.

 

 

24.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a manufacturing technology problem.

 

 

25.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to an engineering technology problem.

 

 

26.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a communication graphics technology problem, e.g. industrial, interior, graphic design, etc.

 

 

27.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating production illustrations and tool design drawings.

 

 

28.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating the many types of machine drawings in engineering graphics (i.e., fasteners, section assembly, exploded assembly).

 

 

29.

Create a colored and/or shaded pictorial rendering for presentation.

 

 

30.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities to understand and use computer aided drafting/design software, hardware, and systems to create  a variety of drawings and illustrations.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

31.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

32.

Review the steps where marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it.

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use construction technologies.

 

 

33.

Recognize that structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.

 

 

34.

Understand the design of structures includes a number of requirements.

 

 

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

35.

Identify occupations that utilize technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

36.

Identify reasons why careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

37.

Understand the need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 


 

TECHNICAL DRAWING/DESIGN III  -  IB “Design Technology” Equivalent 

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

2.

Apply goal directed research to the process of invention.

 

 

3.

Plan/develop technological products considering profit incentive and market economy.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

4.

Demonstrate how trade-offs between competing values result in different outcomes.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

5.

Cite examples of how technological innovation has resulted when ideas, knowledge or skills are shared within technologies or among other technologies.

 

 

6.

Predict the outcome if no copyright or patent laws were in place.

 

 

7.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Describe how changes caused by the use of technology can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.

 

 

2.

Analyze advantages and disadvantages of widespread use and reliance on technology in the workplace and in society as a whole.

 

 

3.

Articulate how a number of different factors, such as individual curiosity, advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals of a company and the current trends contribute to shaping the design of and demand for various technologies.

 


4.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

5.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

6.

Demonstrate how humans devise technologies to reduce the negative consequences of other technologies.

 

 

7.

Understand that technological decisions involve trade-offs between predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

8.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

9.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

10.

Defend the position that technology has been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural, political, and economic landscape.

 

 

11.

Understand the evolution of technological tools and systems throughout history.

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

12.

Identifies capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

13.

Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Explore futuristic devices to store data.

 

 

4.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

5.

Apply emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

6.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

7.

Select and evaluate, and troubleshoot the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

8.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Seek and evaluate information to answer personal questions and curricular needs.

 

 

2.

Evaluate and use appropriate information for a curricular or personal need, e.g.

 

 

3.

Apply and manage information in appropriate format to suit purpose.

 

 

4.

Organize notes and group information in topic areas for developing a project.

 

 

5.

Develop personal management system for organizing and storing information.

 

 

6.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

7.

Manage a technical drawing/design technology project.

 

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

8.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

9.

Develop effective search strategies for defined information needs for both school projects and personal needs.

 

 

10.

Routinely use more than one search engine to perform an advanced search.

 

 

11.

Identify and evaluate relevant information and select pertinent information found in each source.

 

 

12.

Compare and contrast information to determine validity.

 

 

13.

Determine if completed product reflects original information need.

 

 

14.

Recognizes weaknesses in product and finds ways to improve.

 

 

15.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

16.

Appraise and use information in a variety of formats as appropriate to curricular and personal needs.

 

 

17.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g. given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

18.

Use a systematic approach to judge the validity of Web information, e.g. examine each Web site used for authority, accuracy, consistency and currency.

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Apply emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Collaborate with peers and experts information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities, which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Select and evaluate message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Discuss and give examples of the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

4.

Create and evaluate communication projects for the use of design principles in manipulating file formats such as jpg, wave, and avi for video and Web pages.

 

 

5.

Apply principles of design when creating print media and multimedia, video and Web pages, such as framing shots and set design for video.

 

 

6.

Check for accessibility and modify publications to meet accessibility standards.

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

7.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need and audience.

 

 

8.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

9.

Create non-linear electronic slideshows with multimedia effects.

 

 

10.

Script & produce digital/video/film projects.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

11.

Demonstrate the use of available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices

 

 

12.

Incorporate online resources into research, course work, and inquiries formatting and disseminating what has been learned.

 

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others, e.g. Use the webbing technique to solve a problem. E.g. Think of as many ways as possible to use old plastic gallon milk jugs.

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved, e.g. The heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home, with a different location, shape, or size.

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Apply elements and principles of design.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is evaluated in technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

7.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 

 

 


Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

8.

Evaluate a design done by another groups of students using established design principles.

 

 

9.

Describe the relationship between engineering disciplines.

 

 

10.

Describe how a prototype is a working model used to show how subsystems interact.

 

 

11.

Understand that a prototype is a working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments.

 

 

12.

Build a prototype to test a design concept and make actual observations and necessary design adjustments.

 

 

13.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, work habits, and organizational skills.

 

 

14.

Solve a problem as a group with students each taking a specific engineering role, e.g. Design a light rail hub with students taking the roles of architect, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, etc.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

15.

List problems that are not technological, and cannot be solved using technology.

 

 

16.

Research previous solutions to a problem.

 

 

17.

Identify a local problem that does not have a technological solution.

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Refine a design by using prototypes and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity of the final product

 

 

2.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


3.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

4.

Use the appropriate technical drawing/design technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

5.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished illustration, drawing, product, or system done proficiently.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

6.

Document group processes and procedures and communicate them using appropriate oral, written, and multimedia techniques.

 

 

7.

Troubleshoot, analyze, and maintain systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision.

 

 

8.

Integrate systems so that they function in a complimentary manner.

 

 

 

9.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

10.

Produce a variety of technical drawing/design technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials, and processes.

 

 

11.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of technical drawing/design technology tools, equipment, and machines.

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

12.

Use assessment techniques, such as trend analysis and experimentation to make decisions about the future development of technology.

 

 

13.

Locate and evaluate past predictions about the development of technology.

 

 

14.

Describe techniques for making decisions about the future development of technology.

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Describe the interaction of technological systems and their impact upon each other.

 

 

2.

Describe how the public can get involved in the regulatory decision making in each of the technological systems.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

3.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

4.

Use information and communication systems to cause the transfer of information from human to human, human to machine, machine to human, and machine-to-machine.

 

 

5.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

6.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

7.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage, and educate.

 

 

8.

Apply technical drawing/design technology to practical problems.

 

 

9.

Work safely with technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

10.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to technical drawing/design technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

11

Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing technical drawing/design technology illustrations.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities on the use and care of technical drawing/design instruments, equipment, and materials.

 

 

 

13.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities on the properties, specifications, and use of technical drawing/design materials and supplies.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate advanced technical abilities and applications common to all types of technical drawing/design, including lettering, sketching, visualization, symbols & alphabet of lines, measuring, dimensioning, geometric constructions, interpreting information, applying coordinate systems, and the production and reproduction of drawings/illustrations.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating architectural, construction, manufacturing, engineering, and design drawings.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating  pictorial (3D) drawings.

 

 

17.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating a reverse engineering drawing (as built) from a solid object.

 

 

18.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating technical drawings and illustrations.

 

 

19.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating industrial, interior, and graphic design drawings.

 

 

20.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating a dimensioned architectural set of drawings (including a floor plan, foundation plan, roof plan, site plan, elevations, wall section, and materials list/specification sheet/schedules).

 

 

21.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a construction technology problem.

 

 

22.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a manufacturing technology problem.

 

 

23.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to an engineering technology problem.

 

 

24.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a communication graphics technology problem, e.g. industrial, interior, graphic design, etc.

 

 

25.

Demonstrate technical knowledge and abilities for creating a production set, e.g., detail drawings, section assembly, exploded assembly, materials list/parts list.

 

 

26.

Create a colored and/or shaded pictorial rendering for presentation.

 

 

27.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities to understand and use computer aided drafting/design software, hardware, and systems to create a variety of drawings and illustrations.

 

 

28.

Demonstrate the ability to properly identify, organize, plan, and allocate resources.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

29.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.

 

 

30.

Review the steps where marketing involves establishing a product’s identity, conducting research on its potential, advertising it, distributing it, and selling it.

 

Benchmark I: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use construction technologies.

 

 

31.

Recognize that structures are constructed using a variety of processes and procedures.

 

 

32.

Understand the design of structures includes a number of requirements.

 

 

33.

List the reasons that structures require maintenance, alteration, or renovation periodically to improve them or to alter their intended use.

 

Benchmark J: Students can describe the education requirements for specific careers.

 

 

34.

Identify occupations that utilize technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

35.

Identify reasons why careers require the updating of knowledge and skills.

 

 

36.

Understand the need for workers in a career path fluctuates over time.

 

 


 

TECHNICAL DRAWING/DESIGN IV  -  IB “Design Technology” Equivalent

 

Nature of Technology Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of technology, its scope, core concepts, characteristics and relationships between technologies to other fields.

Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things they would not otherwise be able to do. They learn that useful technological development is a product of human creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human made world are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. They learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, is driven by history, design, commercialization, and is shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors, and cultural influences.

 

Benchmark A: Analyze, evaluate and make decisions about technologies.

 

 

1.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources and services.

 

 

2.

Apply goal directed research to the process of invention.

 

 

3.

Plan/develop technological products considering profit incentive and market economy.

 

Benchmark B: Evaluate technologies and apply technological knowledge in decision-making.

 

 

4.

Make, support and defend decisions that involve trade-offs between competing values.

 

Benchmark C: Capitalize on the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems.

 

 

5.

Predict/debate the positive and negative outcomes of technology transfer.

 

 

6.

Demonstrate how technological innovation can result when ideas, knowledge or skills are shared within technologies, among technologies, or across other fields.

 

 

7.

Predict changes in society as a result of continued technological progress, and defend the rationale.

 

8.

Apply communication, mathematic, and science knowledge and skills to technical drawing/design technology activities.


 

 

Technology and Society Interaction Standard

 

Students recognize interactions among society, the environment and technology, and understand technology’s relationship with history. Consideration of these concepts forms a foundation for engaging in responsible and ethical use of technology.

Students learn that the interaction between society and technology has an impact on their lives, that technology may have unintended consequences; which may be helpful or harmful. They learn that interaction of technology will affect the economy, ethical standards, environment, and culture. Students analyze technology issues and implications of its use. They acquire technological understanding, and develop attitudes and practices that support ethical decision-making and lifelong learning.

 

Benchmark A: Practice responsible citizenship relative to technology and its use.

 

 

1.

Explain that the development of technology may be influenced by societal opinions and demands, in addition to corporate cultures.

 

 

2.

Understand that ethical considerations are important in the development, selection, and use of technologies.

 


3.

Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs.

 

 

4.

Study and make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services.

 

Benchmark B: Develop an understanding of technology and its interrelationship with the environment.

 

 

5.

Understand that when new technologies are developed to reduce the use of resources, considerations of trade-offs are important.

 

 

6.

Understand that the appropriate design of technology maximizes performance and reduces negative impacts on the environment.

 

Benchmark C: Develop an understanding of the influence of technology throughout history.

 

 

7.

Know that technological development has been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinements to a basic invention.

 

 

8.

Explain how the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials.

 

 

Benchmark D: Understand and practice the ethical and legal use of technology.

 

 

9.

Seeks sources representing a variety of context, disciplines and cultures and evaluates their usefulness for resolving and information problem or questions.

 

 

 

Technology for Productivity Applications Standard

 

Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology tools and productivity tools.

Students understand technology terminology and are able to communicate technically. Students select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. Students solve technical problems. Students use productivity tools to collaborate, plan, and produce a sample product to enhance their learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will use and discuss computer and multimedia technology.

 

 

1.

Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging e.g. digitization, optical characters recognition, scanning, calculators, computerized microscopes, etc.

 

Benchmark B: Students will learn to operate technology tools that effect specific content areas & Network operations.

 

 

2.

Design and use different technological hardware, software, and explore different types of connectivity e.g. wireless

 

 

3.

Explore futuristic devices to store data.

 

 

4.

Identify and use input and output devices to operate and interact with computers and multimedia technology resources e.g.

 

Benchmark C: Students use new and emerging productivity tools to construct technology-enhanced models, to prepare publications, and to produce creative works.

 

 

5.

Apply emerging technology tools for managing and communicating personal/professional information.

 

Benchmark D: Students will compare technologies and select, evaluate, troubleshoot, and maintain the operation of emerging technology systems.

 

 

6.

Make informed choices among technology systems, resources.

 

 

7.

Identify/recognize strategies for identifying and solving routine hardware and software problems that occur during everyday use.

 

 

8.

Use media and technology resources for presenting information, e.g. distance learning equipment, interactive boards etc.

 

 

 

Technology and Information Literacy Standard

 

Students engage in information literacy strategies; use the Internet, technology tools and resources; and apply information management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge.

Students become information literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need, or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools a variety of resources are identified, accessed, and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product.

 

Benchmark A: Students will process, organize and maintain data and generate new data, information and knowledge.

 

 

1.

Seek and evaluate information to answer personal questions and curricular needs.

 

 

2.

Select and manipulate information to meet personal and curricular needs.

 

 

3.

Acknowledge intellectual property in using information sources.

 

 

4.

Digitize information for archiving and future use, e.g. creating an electronic portfolio of curricular projects.

 

 

5.

Manage a technical drawing/design technology project.

 

Benchmark B: Students will define tasks, identify strategies to find information, and evaluate the effectiveness of their solutions.

 

 

6.

Use a recognized research process model to conduct research.

 

 

7.

Develop effective search strategies for defined information needs for both school projects and personal needs.

 

 

 

8.

Use a variety of technology resources for curriculum needs and personal information needs.

 

 

9.

Evaluate information e.g. accuracy, currency, bias, profit generating, etc.

 

 

10.

Create an information product to communicate information.

 

 

11.

Review and evaluate research resources used.

 

Benchmark C: Students will identify, differentiate, evaluate and incorporate information retrieved by accessing the Internet and all other available electronic resources.

 

 

12.

Evaluate and use information in a variety of formats as appropriate to curricular and personal needs.

 

 

13.

Search for information using multiple directories and search engines, e.g. given an assignment, student uses knowledge of tools to pick an appropriate tool to search for information.

 

 

14.

Create a system for tracking online sources helpful for personal and curricular needs. e.g. Bookmarks, favorites, Webliography.

 

 

15.

Use a systematic approach to judge the validity of Web information, e.g. examine each Web site used for authority, accuracy, consistency and currency.

 

 

 

Technology and Problem-solving Tools and Applications Standard

 

Students utilize technology for problem solving and decision-making.

Students solve problems by using technology resources to investigate, troubleshoot, and experiment. They collect data, conduct research, and study development. Students generate decision-making models for real world problems (concerns).

 

Benchmark A: Students use emerging technology to develop new problem solving strategies and make informed decisions.

 

 

1.

Apply emerging technology for problem solving.

 

 

2.

Collaborate with peers and experts information that is credible and applicable to a specific problem.

 

 

3.

Select and apply emerging technology for research information analysis, problem solving and decision making in content learning.

 

 

 

Technology and Communication Applications Standard

 

Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information, and enhance learning.

Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real-time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states, and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities, which expand academic offerings and enhance learning.

 

Benchmark A: Students will apply appropriate communication design principles in their published and presented projects.

 

 

1.

Explore and manipulate design elements when creating print media, multimedia, video and web products.

 

 

2.

Select and evaluate message- appropriate fonts and formatting for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

3.

Evaluate the psychological impact and cultural connotations of color when designing for print media and multimedia, video and Web pages.

 

 

4.

Apply principles of design when selecting or creating graphics and images for print media and multimedia.

 

 

5.

Apply principles of design for curricular and personal needs when manipulating file formats such as jpg, wave, and avi for video and Web pages.

 

 

6.

Apply principles of design when creating print media and multimedia, video and Web pages, such as framing shots and set design for video.

 

 

7.

Check for accessibility and modify publications to meet accessibility standards.

 

Benchmark B: Students define, develop, publish and present information, selecting formats appropriate to the content and audience.

 

 

8.

Understand and use image file formats appropriate to communication need and audience.

 

 

9.

Create electronic portfolio, e.g., include a variety of documents, presentations and images representing work during the school year.

 

 

10.

Create non-linear electronic slideshows with multimedia effects.

 

 

 

11.

Script & produce digital/video/film projects.

 

 

12.

Use web technologies to communicate knowledge based on communication purpose and audience.

 

13.

Evaluate communication project process and product.

 

 

14.

Incorporate the use of emerging technologies for curricular needs.

 

Benchmark C: Students identify communication needs, select appropriate telecommunication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies.

 

 

15.

Use all available online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results, e.g. explore career choices, resume, job credentials, etc.

 

 

16.

Incorporate online resources into research, course work, and inquiries formatting and evaluating and disseminating findings.

 

 

 

 

 

17.

Create and present collaborative online projects, e.g., conduct research on local employers and job opportunities.

 

Design Standard

 

Students develop an understanding of the nature of design, the role of engineering, and related problem solving processes.

Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application, and utilization of technology as a key process in problem solving. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation.

 

Benchmark A: Students will be able to analyze a problem, design a solution, and evaluate that solution.

 

 

1.

Explain that design problems are seldom presented in a clearly defined form, e.g. Problems often involve competing constituencies, undiscovered constraints, and unidentified regulations

 

 

 

2.

Brainstorm problem solutions using common brainstorming techniques: generation of the maximum number of ideas, all ideas welcome in a non-judgmental fashion, selecting a leader, selecting a recorder, and encouraging hitchhiking on the ideas of others, e.g. Use the webbing technique to solve a problem. E.g. Think of as many ways as possible to use old plastic gallon milk jugs.

 

 

3.

Explain how a design needs to be continually checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must be redefined and improved, e.g. The heating system design for one home may not be the best for another home, with a different location, shape, or size.

 

 

4.

Implement the design process: defining a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas, identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating the design using specifications, refining the design, creating or making it, and communicating processes and results.

 

 

5.

Apply elements and principles of design.

 

 

6.

Describe quality and how it is evaluated in technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

7.

Solve problems, think critically, and make decisions related to technical drawing/design technology activities.

 


Benchmark B: Students will be able to recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process.

 

 

8.

Develop and use a process to evaluate and rate several design solutions to the same problem.

 

 

9.

Build a prototype to use as a working model to demonstrate a design’s effectiveness to potential customers.

 

 

10.

Explain how the process of engineering design takes into account a number of factors including the interrelationship between systems.

 

 

11.

Describe the importance of teamwork, leadership, integrity, honesty, work habits, and organizational skills.

 

Benchmark C: Students will understand and apply research, development, and experimentation to problem solving.

 

 

12.

For a specific problem, list the disciplines that could contribute to a solution.

 

 

 

Abilities for a Technological World Standard

 

Students will apply the design process, develop skills in the use, and maintain products and systems, and assess technology.

Students demonstrate ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technological products and systems. They use modeling, testing, observing, troubleshooting, analyzing and standards of quality to enhance and evaluate the effectiveness of technological products and systems. They apply a variety of tools and appropriate software in the development and maintenance of products and systems. Students apply accurate technological knowledge, capabilities, and ways of thinking and acting in seeking an understanding of unfamiliar devices, software applications, or technological systems. Students evaluate the impact of products or systems by gathering and synthesizing information, analyzing trends, and drawing conclusions.

 

Benchmark A: Students will identify and produce a product or system using a design process and then evaluate the final solution and communicate their findings.

 

 

1.

Develop and produce a product or system using a design process.

 


2.

Evaluate final solutions and communicate observation, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.

 

 

3.

Use the appropriate advanced technical drawing/design technology design processes and techniques to develop a variety of illustrations.

 

 

4.

Experience the enjoyment and gratification of creating a finished illustration, drawing, product, or system done proficiently.

 

Benchmark B: Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems.

 

 

5.

Document processes and procedures and communicate them using appropriate oral, written, and multimedia techniques.

 

 

6.

Troubleshoot, analyze, and maintain systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision.

 

 

7.

Integrate systems so that they function in a complimentary manner.

 

 

8.

Use computers and calculators to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members.

 

 

 

9.

Produce a variety of technical drawing/design technology illustrations using the appropriate tools, equipment, machines, materials, and processes.

 

 

10.

Demonstrate proper maintenance of technical drawing/design technology tools, equipment, and machines.

 

Benchmark C: Students will assess the impact of products and systems.

 

 

11.

Select a technology that has had national impact and describe its impact.

 

 

 

Designed World

 

Students understand how the physical, informational, and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students understanding of their role in the designed world; its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections.

Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time, and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills, and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental, and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies, energy and power technologies, information and communication technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies.

 

Benchmark A: Students will develop an understanding of how the development of technological systems differs.

 

 

1.

Describe the interaction of technological systems and their impact upon each other.

 

Benchmark B: Students will recognize and utilize appropriate modes of technical communication across technological systems.

 

 

2.

Choose the appropriate media to communicate elements of the design process in each technological system.

 

3.

Use multimedia to communicate a design solution between technological systems.

 

Benchmark F: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use information and communication technologies.

 

 

4.

Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means.

 

 

5.

Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.

 

 

6.

Use information and communication systems to inform, persuade, entertain, control, manage, and educate.

 

 

7.

Apply advanced technical drawing/design technology to practical problems.

 

 

8.

Work safely with advanced technical drawing/design technology.

 

 

9.

Apply appropriate codes, laws, standards, or regulations related to technical drawing/design technology (e.g., Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc.)

 

 

10.

Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing advanced technical drawing/design technology illustrations.

 

 

11.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities on the use and care of technical drawing/design instruments, equipment, and materials.

 

 

12.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities on the properties, specifications, and use of technical drawing/design materials and supplies.

 

 

13.

Demonstrate advanced technical abilities and applications common to all types of technical drawing/design, including lettering, sketching, visualization, symbols & alphabet of lines, measuring, dimensioning, geometric constructions, interpreting information, applying coordinate systems, and the production and reproduction of drawings/illustrations.

 

 

14.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating architectural, construction, manufacturing, engineering, and design drawings.

 

 

15.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating  pictorial (3D) drawings.

 

 

16.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating technical drawings and illustrations.

 

 

17.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating industrial, interior, and graphic design drawings.

 

 

 

18.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities for creating a dimensioned architectural set of drawings (including a floor plan, foundation plan, roof plan, site plan, elevations, wall section, and materials list/specification sheet/schedules).

 

 

19.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a construction technology problem.

 

 

20.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a manufacturing technology problem.

 

 

21.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to an engineering technology problem.

 

 

22.

Create an illustration(s) and/or a scale model of a design solution to a communication graphics technology problem, e.g. industrial, interior, graphic design, etc.

 

 

23.

Create a colored and/or shaded pictorial rendering for presentation.

 

 

24.

Demonstrate advanced technical knowledge and abilities to understand and use computer aided drafting/design software, hardware, and systems to create a variety of drawings and illustrations.

 

 

25.

Demonstrate the ability to properly identify, organize, plan, and allocate resources.

 

Benchmark H: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select and use manufacturing technologies.

 

 

26.

Recognize that servicing keeps products in good operating condition.