8^th Grade Language Arts

2009-2010

OAA Review Packet

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What are the= 4 main components as to how to write better answers?

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Matching

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&n= bsp; __= ______Protagonist &= nbsp; &nbs= p; A, time and place of a story

&n= bsp; __= ______Antagonist &= nbsp; &nbs= p; B. character who changes throughout story

&n= bsp; __= ______Flat &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; C. main character- hero/ good guy

&n= bsp; __= ______Round &= nbsp; &nbs= p; D. character not well developed – stereotypical

&n= bsp; __= ______Static &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; E. = sequence of events

&n= bsp; __= ______Dynamic &= nbsp; &nbs= p; F. = main idea of story / lesson or moral

&n= bsp; __= ______Setting &= nbsp; &nbs= p; G. bad guy who causes conflict or problems

&n= bsp; __= ______Theme &= nbsp; &nbs= p; H. character who stays the same

&n= bsp; __= ______Plot &= nbsp; &nbs= p; &= nbsp; I. &= nbsp; well-developed, believable character

&= nbsp; ________Irony &nb= sp; = J. &= nbsp; contrast between what you expect to happen =

and what really happens

Elements of Prose<= o:p>

Name the 5 p= arts to the plot of a story

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_______________is the time and location a story takes place.

Create a setting using time, place, weather conditions, social conditions, and atmosphere.

What are 3 ways an author can create a good character?

What are the 4 types of genre (category of literature)

What is theme? Give an example of theme from a story you’ve r= ead

What are the four types of Conflict? Give an example of each

1. _______when words right next to one a= nother begin with the same consonant sound or letter

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A.= = Onomatopoeia

2. ______a contrasting statement

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B.= = personification

3. ________something that represents som= ething else

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C.= = oxymoron

4. _______a like comparison of two unlike items by using like, as or similar terms, such as resembles

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D.= = euphemisms

5. _______understatements

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E.= = similes

6. ________an expression apparently contradictory in meaning

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F.= = symbolism

7. ________ the writer gives a lifelike quality to an inanimate object

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G.= = antithesis

8. ________words that imitated natural s= ounds around them

= H malapropisms

9. _______ similar to exaggera= tion and overstatement

I alliteration

10. _____when words are misused- simi= lar to the ones that were meant to be used, but they conveyed an entirely differ= ent meaning

J. As= sonance

11. _______the repetition of vowel sounds= with short passage of verse or prose

K. Irony

12. _____ when something you least expect= to happen DOES! Also, it is stating something in such a way that the exact opposite is implied

L. Metaphors=

13. _____resembles a simile in that is al= so is a comparison, but it does not use like or as.

M. Hyperbole=

Identify simile or metaph= or. List the two things being compared and then explain the relationship they share.

_____________= ______1. My stomach is as empty as a balloon.

_____________= ______2.It will be another week before they remove this plaster cocoon.

___________________3.She is doing a woman’s hardest job by juggling wolves.

1._________________________________________________________________= _____

___________________________________________________________________= ____

2._________________________________________________________________= _____

___________________________________________________________________= _____

3._________________________________________________________________= _____

___________________________________________________________________= _____

Give three examples of onomatopoeia.

Give an example of hyperbole.

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Give 3 examples of alliteration.

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Give an example of an oxymoron.

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Identify whether each sta= tement is a fact or an opinion.

1.      ______ Some scientist calculate that gl= obal temperatures could increase between 3 and 9 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2050.

2.      _____Ms. Grane is the best substitute t= eacher in the whole wide world.

3.      _____There are three states of matter: = solid, liquid and gas

4.      _____ The three colors on the stop ligh= t are red, yellow and green.

5.      _____Because of the greenhouse effect, = the gradual warming of the globe is inevitable, in the view of many scientists<= o:p>

Connotation / denotation

&n= bsp;     De= fine the term denotation

&n= bsp;     De= fine the term connotation.

&n= bsp;     Wr= ite another word for street that has a positive connotation.___________________= _

&n= bsp;     Wr= ite another word for street that has a negative connotation.___________________=

Appositives

What is an appositive?

Circle the appositive in the following sentences.=

1.Would you please help us reach our bags, those black carry-ons, on the top shelf?

2.They are planting a variety of spring flowers, daffodils, crocuse= s, and tulips, under the bay tree.

3.Their children, Susan, Rick, Madison, are away at present, visiti= ng their friend, Linda, in Japan

Give an example of symbolism from any story / novel and explain wha= t it symbolizes

What is Foreshadowing? Give one example of foreshadowing from any reading selection this year.

What is a flashback? Give an example of= a flashback from any reading selection this year

POETRY

Types of Poetry

_____Narrative Poetry      &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;    A.        The shape suggest its subject   =             &nb= sp;            =

_____Concrete Poetry      &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;   B.        Verse that expresses a poet’s thought

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;            and feelings about a single image or

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;            idea – such as a sonnet or ode

_____Free Ver= se        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;           C         = Two people perform usually two

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;            contrasting ideas about the same

        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;            subject matter

_____Lyric Po= etry        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;        D.        Poetry that tells a story

____Poems of two voices        &= nbsp;           &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;         E.         = Poetry without regular patterns or

            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =          of rhyme and rhythm

Elements of Poetry

How are poems organized and set up?

There are two different forms of rhyme what are they and explain them?<= /p>

How would you= Identify the Rhyme Scheme for a poem? What would you look for in the poem to identify the Rhyme Scheme? What would you use to identify it?

Give an examp= le of imagery from a poem we’ve read this year.

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Why might a p= oet use repetition in their poem?

Analogies

Authors Purpose -the main reason that he/she has for writing the selection.

StyleMood is the overall feelings or emotions that are created = IN THE READER.

ToneStyleThe author’s writing

&n= bsp;     personal word choice/vocabulary,=

&n= bsp;     types of sentences, <= /span>

&n= bsp;     point of view from which the tex= t is told,

&n= bsp;     organization of the text. <= /o:p>

Some Style types are:

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Descriptive

Thoroughly-developed

Academic

Formal<= /p>
Informal

Business-like<= /span>

Personal

Tone

You can recognize the tone/attit= ude by the language/word choices the author uses. His language will reveal his perspective/opinion (that is, whether it is positive/negative) about the subject.

Tone must be inferred thr= ough the use of descriptive words.

The girls were playing in the pond, splashing each other= and trying to catch fish with their hands. They were having fun, but kept looki= ng over their shoulders at the looming forest. The long grass of the field kept moving and they sort of felt like they were being watched… About a ha= lf hour passed and still the girls kept checking the field for movements. It seemed like a pair of dark eyes was on them. They even considered going back inside, but that would mean homework time. So they continued splashing, but with caution now. Their eyes hardly left the field.

Read the following passage.

    =         Donovan and Larry were early for baseball practice. They decided to run up and down the bleachers to exercise before the rest of the team arrived.

    =        Larry was first to the top. He whis= pered to Donovan, “Look over there.”= He pointed to a man sleeping on the highest, narrow bench of the bleachers. His pants and shir= t were faded, worn, and too large for his thin frame. One big toe stuck out of a huge ho= le in his sock. His scraped-up shoe= s sat a few feet away.

Angry
Detached<= /span>

Sympathetic

Mood

Read the following passage.

During the holidays, my mother's house glittered with decorations and hummed with preparations. We ate cookies and drank cider wh= ile we helped her wrap bright packages and trim the tree. We felt warm and exci= ted, listening to Christmas carols and even singing along sometimes. We would te= ase each other about our terrible voices and then sing even louder. =

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Organizational Structure of a passage<= /u>

Broken up into two different categories…Internal and External<= /span>

(deals with a lot of the times non-fiction passages), t= hey can be organized by the following

Chronological order-

Cause – Effect -

Compare – Contrast

Problem – Solution

- passages that are “outside of the passage”=

Examples are:

Footnotes

Side notes

Flyers (information is sp= read throughout the page and not a story layout)

Bold Terms

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*Terms/Tips to remember for the OAA*

DON’T RUSH, TAKE YOUR TIME

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