This document contains the Westlake City
Schools’ Visual Arts Course of Study completed at the end of the 2003-2004
school year. The Visual Arts Course of
Study has been reviewed and was approved by the Westlake City Schools’ Board of
Education on May 20, 2004.
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Committee Members.............................................................................................. |
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2 |
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District Beliefs, Vision and Mission.................................................................... |
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3 |
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Introduction............................................................................................................ |
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5 |
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Visual Arts Standards............................................................................................ |
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6 |
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Philosophy and Goals............................................................................................ |
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7 |
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Kindergarten........................................................................................................... |
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8 |
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Grade One................................................................................................................ |
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13 |
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Grade Two............................................................................................................... |
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18 |
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Grade Three............................................................................................................. |
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22 |
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Grade Four............................................................................................................... |
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26 |
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Grade Five................................................................................................................ |
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31 |
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Grade Six.................................................................................................................. |
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36 |
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Grade Seven............................................................................................................ |
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40 |
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Grade Eight.............................................................................................................. |
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44 |
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Cartooning/Animation........................................................................................... |
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48 |
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Ceramics I................................................................................................................ |
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54 |
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Ceramics II/III.......................................................................................................... |
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60 |
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Crafts........................................................................................................................ |
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66 |
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Design...................................................................................................................... |
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72 |
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Drawing................................................................................................................................... Ecology Honors |
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78 |
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Jewelry..................................................................................................................... |
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85 |
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Painting................................................................................................................................... Ecology Honors |
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91 |
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Photography........................................................................................................... |
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97 |
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Sculpture.................................................................................................................. |
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104 |
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Drawing/Painting II and III................................................................................... |
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110 |
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High School Course Offerings................................................................................................................................... Ecology Honors |
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116 |
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Advanced Placement Statement.......................................................................... |
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119 |
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Assessment............................................................................................................. |
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120 |
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Carrie
Beatty Steven
Davies Jerry
Everhard Christine
Filmer Deb Gantz Jody
Himrod Dawn Neff Jennifer
Riley Melinda
Wilkinson |
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Ray Conti – Director of
Curriculum and Instruction Susan Munch – Secretary, Curriculum and Instruction |
Beliefs are the principles and concepts that govern the
district’s decisions and actions. They
influence the district’s picture of the future (vision) and the reason the
district exists (mission). The beliefs,
vision and mission of the Westlake City Schools District follow.
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The Westlake City Schools believe that students come first, that
dignity and worth of each individual is to be respected, and that learning is
a lifelong process. We further believe
that: |
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Successful students are ready to learn,
display appropriate behavioral and social skills,
assume responsibility, and work to reach their full potential. They are enthusiastic
about learning, possess basic academic skills and strive for excellence. |
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Supportive families are proactive and
involved in all aspects of their children’s education,
assist their children with schoolwork, encourage their children to make positive choices and to be responsible for
their actions, offer guidance and motivation so
their children reach their full potential, and work in partnership with
school. |
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Exemplary
teachers care for their students, are knowledgeable regarding
subject matter and effective
instructional strategies, and engage students in meaningful learning experiences |
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Exemplary
administrators are knowledgeable and provide meaningful
instructional and managerial
leadership. They create a safe,
orderly, professional and supportive environment,
empower all staff by providing opportunities for professional development and communicate effectively
with all constituents. |
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Exemplary
support personnel assist in the education of our children by
providing a healthy, safe,
nurturing and responsive learning climate. |
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Ideal
learning environments are child-centered, stimulating and
positive, free from distractions,
appropriate in class size, and include ample and varied resources. Students
and staff feel safe physically and emotionally, and devote themselves to academic and personal achievement. |
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Helpful
community members, organizations and businesses celebrate
their schools’ and students’
accomplishments, share resources and engage in dialogue. |
The Westlake City School District will provide a dynamic, student-centered, positive learning environment. Our district will be characterized by actively engaged learners, mutual respect, shared knowledge, pursuit of new skills and capabilities, collaborative learning, willingness to take action, a team commitment to data-drive continuous improvement and tangible results.
Empowering all students to
achieve their educational goals,
To direct their lives, and
to contribute to society
The following
terms and definitions are used in this document:
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Standard: |
An
overarching goal or theme in visual art.
The standard statement describes, in broadest terms, what all students
should know and be able to do as a result of the K-12 program.
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Benchmark: |
A specific
statement of what all students should know and be able to do at a specified
time in their schooling. Benchmarks
are used to measure a student’s progress toward meeting the standard. Visual Arts benchmarks are defined for
grade bands K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-10, and 11-12.
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|
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Grade-level
Indicator: |
A specific
statement of the knowledge and / or skills that a student is expected to
demonstrate at each grade level. These
indicators serve as checkpoints that monitor progress toward the
benchmarks. The
indicators will be in normal print following the benchmarks in this course of
study. |
Students understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from which it emanates. They understand the cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art communication and expression. Students identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of people.
Students create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes, tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements, principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual forms
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the vocabulary
of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze relationships and
interpret meanings in works of art.
Students make judgments about the quality of works of art using the
appropriate criteria.
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of selected
artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts.
Students connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts areas and disciplines outside the arts. They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of lifelong learning and experience in visual art.
Visual Arts Program Philosophy
The arts are a
central force to human existence. They
“exalt” the human spirit. Visual art
education is a fundamental part of every child’s learning experience. An integral part of the way children learn
and develop, the visual arts engage multiple skills and abilities. Visual art education offers teachers avenues
to reach all students. It provides
opportunities for learning, enabling young people to reach for and attain
higher levels of achievement.
Visual arts
are a natural impulse for expression and communication and can serve to release
the creative potential of each child.
Art experiences play a significant role in developing a sense of
self-worth and a feeling of personal achievement within the child.
The visual
arts are an essential means of connecting segments of the curriculum and are a
bridge to learning and success in other disciplines. Visual arts education is a part of a balanced
curriculum as they are inherently interdisciplinary and nurture the development
of cognitive, social and personal competencies.
The visual arts provide “authentic” learning experiences that engage a
child’s mind, heart and body.
The capacity
for critical thinking, analysis, creative problem solving and the development
of multiple intelligences are enhanced through visual arts
education/experiences.
The visual
arts connect learning experiences to real world situations by providing
students with the skills to meet the challenges of the future.
The goals
of the visual arts program are to:
·
Understand
and appreciate the role of the visual arts in people’s lives and the artistic
achievements of the own and other societies, past and present
·
Demonstrate
a basic understanding of visual processes, vocabulary, media and techniques
·
Develop
a sense of aesthetic awareness
·
Appreciate
and respond to the visual arts
·
Utilize
the visual arts as an extension of personal expression, creative problem
solving skills and awareness of career opportunities.
Grade K
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Recognize and
describe visual art forms and artworks from various times and places. |
|
|
1. |
Distinguish between common visual art forms from
different cultures such as painting, sculpture and ceramics. |
|
Benchmark B: Identify art
forms, visual ideas and artistic styles and describe how they are influenced
by time and culture. |
|
|
2. |
Name and point out subject matter observed in
artwork from various cultural heritages and traditions (e.g., common objects,
people, places and events.) |
|
Benchmark C: Identify and
describe the different purposes people have for creating works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Recognize that people create works of art and art
objects for different purposes. |
|
Benchmark D: Place selected
visual artists and their contributions chronologically on a timeline in the
history of Ohio, the United States or North America. |
|
|
4. |
Use words or pictures to tell how art is made by
artists. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
knowledge of visual art materials, tools, techniques and processes by using
them expressively and skillfully. |
|
|
1. |
Explore and experiment with a variety of art
materials and tools for self-expression. |
|
|
2. |
Identify and name materials used in visual art. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the
elements and principles of art as a means to express ideas, emotions and
experiences. |
|
|
3. |
Explore art elements to express ideas in a variety
of visual forms (e.g., drawings, paintings and ceramics). |
|
Benchmark C: Develop and
select a range of subject matter and ideas to communicate meaning in two- and
three-dimensional works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Generate ideas and images for artwork based on
memory, imagination and experience. |
|
Benchmark D: Recognize and
use ongoing assessment to revise and improve the quality of original
artworks. |
|
|
5. |
Select and share favorite, original artworks. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Identify and
describe the visual features and characteristics in works of art. |
|
|
1. |
Respond to artworks by pointing out images and
subject matter. |
|
|
2. |
Relate their own experiences to what they see in
works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Recognize the similarities and differences between
artistic styles. |
|
Benchmark B: Apply
comprehension strategies (e.g., personal experience, art knowledge, emotion
and perceptual and reasoning skills) to respond to a range of visual
artworks. |
|
|
4. |
Ask and answer questions about the main ideas and
stories in artworks. |
|
|
5. |
Describe how selected artworks make them feel and
why, using examples from the works. |
|
Benchmark C: Contribute to
the development of criteria for discussing and judging works of art. |
|
|
6. |
Select and share a favorite visual work of art and
tell their reasons for choosing it. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply basic
reasoning skills to understand why works of art are made and valued. |
|
|
1. |
Reflect on and ask questions about why people make
art. |
|
Benchmark B: Form their own
opinions and views abut works of art and discuss them with others. |
|
|
2. |
Recognize that people have different viewpoints
about works of art, and all of the viewpoints are important. |
|
Benchmark C: Distinguish
and describe the aesthetic qualities in works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Notice and point out different ways that an
artwork expresses a feeling or a mood. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the relationship the visual arts share with other arts disciplines as
meaningful forms of nonverbal communication. |
|
|
1. |
Use visual symbols to represent the rhythms, beats
and sounds they hear in music. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the visual
arts as a means to understand concepts and topics studied in disciplines
outside the arts. |
|
|
2. |
Connect words and images by sketching or
illustrating a favorite part of a story. |
|
Benchmark C: Create and
solve an interdisciplinary problem using visual art processes, materials and
tools. |
|
|
3. |
Create artwork that explores a central theme
across disciplines (e.g., family, communication and culture). |
|
Benchmark D: Describe how
visual art is used in their communities and the world around them and provide
examples. |
|
|
4. |
Recognize when the where people create, observe
and respond to visual art. |
Grade 1
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Recognize and
describe visual art forms and artworks from various times and places. |
|
|
1. |
Recognize and describe visual symbols, images and
icons that reflect the cultural heritages of the people of the United States
(e.g., flags, monuments and landmarks). |
|
Benchmark B: Identify art
forms, visual ideas and artistic styles and describe how they are influenced
by time and culture. |
|
|
2. |
Observe different cultural styles of art and point
out how artists use lines, shapes, colors and textures. |
|
Benchmark C: Identify and
describe the different purposes people have for creating works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Share artwork or an art object from their own
cultural backgrounds and describe its purpose (e.g., personal, functional or
decorative). |
|
Benchmark D: Place selected
visual artists and their contributions chronologically on a timeline in the
history of Ohio, the United States or North America. |
|
|
4. |
Discuss the life story of one or more culturally
representative artists and identify his or her works and artistic style. |
|
|
5. |
Identify works made by one or more visual artists
in a selected historical period. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
knowledge of visual art materials, tools, techniques and processes by using
them expressively and skillfully. |
|
|
1. |
Demonstrate beginning skill in the use of art
materials and tools. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the
elements and principles of art as a means to express ideas, emotions and
experiences. |
|
|
2. |
Identify visual art elements and principles using
art vocabulary. |
|
|
3. |
Use selected art elements and principles to
express a personal response to the world around them. |
|
Benchmark C: Develop and
select a range of subject matter and ideas to communicate meaning in two- and
three-dimensional works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Invent imagery and symbols to express thoughts and
feelings. |
|
|
5. |
Explore and use a range of subject matter in their
artworks (e.g., people, places, animals and nature). |
|
Benchmark D: Recognize and
use ongoing assessment to revise and improve the quality of original
artworks. |
|
|
6. |
Begin to use basic self-assessment strategies to
improve artworks (e.g., make revisions and reflect on the use of art
elements). |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Identify and
describe the visual features and characteristics in works of art. |
|
|
1. |
Notice and describe multiple characteristics
(e.g., colors, forms, materials and subject matter) in their own artworks and
the works of others. |
|
|
2. |
Explore and describe how a selected art object was
made. |
|
|
3. |
Describe the different ways that art elements are
used and organized in works of art including their own. |
|
Benchmark B: Apply
comprehension strategies (e.g., personal experience, art knowledge, emotion
and perceptual and reasoning skills) to respond to a range of visual
artworks. |
|
|
4. |
Describe how art elements and principles are
organized to communicate meaning in works of art. |
|
|
5. |
Connect their own interests and experiences to the
subject matter in artworks. |
|
Benchmark C: Contribute to
the development of criteria for discussing and judging works of art. |
|
|
6. |
Recognize basic elements of art as they relate to
the quality of a work of art. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply basic
reasoning skills to understand why works of art are made and valued. |
|
|
1. |
Offer reasons why they make art and others make
art. |
|
Benchmark B: Form their own
opinions and views abut works of art and discuss them with others. |
|
|
2. |
Form their own opinions and views about works of
art. |
|
|
3. |
Recognize that people value art for different
reasons. |
|
Benchmark C: Distinguish
and describe the aesthetic qualities in works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Describe the expressive qualities in their own
works of art. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the relationship the visual arts share with other arts disciplines as meaningful
forms of nonverbal communication. |
|
|
1. |
Make connections between visual art, music and
movement. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the visual
arts as a means to understand concepts and topics studied in disciplines
outside the arts. |
|
|
2. |
Create a visual art product to increase
understanding of a concept or topic studied in another content area (e.g.,
mathematics – measurement; English language arts – sequencing a story;
geography – continents and science – balance). |
|
Benchmark C: Create and
solve an interdisciplinary problem using visual art processes, materials and
tools. |
|
|
3. |
Demonstrate the relationship between art forms by
correlating subject matter with other disciplines. |
|
Benchmark D: Describe how
visual art is used in their communities and the world around them and provide
examples. |
|
|
4. |
Identify and discuss artwork they see in the
school and local community. |
|
|
5. |
Identify what an artist does and find examples of
works by artists in their local communities. |
Grade 2
Historical, Cultural and Social
Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Recognize and
describe visual art forms and artworks from various times and places. |
|
|
1. |
Relate artworks to their place in history. |
|
Benchmark B: Identify art
forms, visual ideas and artistic styles and describe how they are influenced
by time and culture. |
|
|
2. |
Use historical artworks such as paintings,
photographs and drawings to answer questions about daily life in the past. |
|
Benchmark C: Identify and
describe the different purposes people have for creating works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Identify and compare the purpose of art objects from
various cultures (e.g., masks, puppets, pottery and weaving). |
|
Benchmark D: Place selected
visual artists and their contributions chronologically on a timeline in the
history of Ohio, the United States or North America. |
|
|
4. |
Distinguish the artistic style and subject matter
in the artworks of two or more visual artists from local, regional or state
history. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
knowledge of visual art materials, tools, techniques and processes by using
them expressively and skillfully. |
|
|
1. |
Demonstrate increasing skill in the use of art
tools and materials. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the
elements and principles of art as a means to express ideas, emotions and
experiences. |
|
|
2. |
Begin to establish a purpose for their artworks. |
|
|
3. |
Identify, select and use art elements and
principles to express emotions and produce a variety of visual effects. |
|
Benchmark C: Develop and
select a range of subject matter and ideas to communicate meaning in two- and
three-dimensional works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Create artworks based on observation of familiar
objects and scenes in the environment. |
|
|
5. |
Compare the subject matter and ideas in their own
artworks with those in the works of others. |
|
Benchmark D: Recognize and
use ongoing assessment to revise and improve the quality of original
artworks. |
|
|
6. |
Begin to revise work to a level of personal
satisfaction. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Identify and
describe the visual features and characteristics in works of art. |
|
|
1. |
Use details to describe objects, symbols, and
visual effects in artworks (e.g., tilted objects, yellow-orange sun and
striped shirt). |
|
|
2. |
Compare and describe the materials and techniques
used by artists in works they observe. |
|
|
3. |
Respond to the composition of artworks by
describing how art elements work together to create expressive impact (e.g.,
the relationship of colors and shapes to create a happy or fearful mood). |
|
Benchmark B: Apply
comprehension strategies (e.g., personal experience, art knowledge, emotion
and perceptual and reasoning skills) to respond to a range of visual
artworks. |
|
|
4. |
Use context clues to identify and describe the
cultural symbols and images in artworks. |
|
Benchmark C: Contribute to
the development of criteria for discussing and judging works of art. |
|
|
5. |
Recognize the difference between assessing the
quality of artwork and their personal preference for a work. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply basic
reasoning skills to understand why works of art are made and valued. |
|
|
1. |
Recognize that others (e.g., family, friends,
teachers and artists) have different beliefs about art and that they value
art in different ways. |
|
|
2. |
Use visual art vocabulary to talk about what they
wanted to achieve in their artworks. |
|
Benchmark B: Form their own
opinions and views abut works of art and discuss them with others. |
|
|
3. |
Compare different responses to the same work of
art (e.g., parents, peers, teachers and artists). |
|
|
4. |
Listen carefully to others’ viewpoints and beliefs
about art. |
|
Benchmark C: Distinguish
and describe the aesthetic qualities in works of art. |
|
|
5. |
Talk about their thoughts and feelings when
looking at works of art. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the relationship the visual arts share with other arts disciplines as meaningful
forms of nonverbal communication. |
|
|
1. |
Use visual art materials to express an idea from a
song, a poem, play or story. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the visual
arts as a means to understand concepts and topics studied in disciplines
outside the arts. |
|
|
2. |
Discuss the importance of visual artists to
society with the importance of explorers, inventors or scientists. |
|
Benchmark C: Create and
solve an interdisciplinary problem using visual art processes, materials and
tools. |
|
|
3. |
Construct a three-dimensional model of a scene
from the life story of a historical figure (e.g., Abraham Lincoln, Harriet
Tubman and Susan B. Anthony). |
|
Benchmark D: Describe how
visual art is used in their communities and the world around them and provide
examples. |
|
|
4. |
Share
artwork from a resource in their communities and describe its cultural
context. |
|
|
5. |
Describe ways they use visual art outside the
classroom and provide examples. |
|
|
6. |
Identify and discuss artists in the community who
create different kinds of art. |
Grade 3
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Recognize and
describe visual art forms and artworks from various times and places. |
|
|
1. |
Connect various art forms and artistic styles to
their cultural traditions. |
|
Benchmark B: Identify art
forms, visual ideas and artistic styles and describe how they are influenced
by time and culture. |
|
|
2. |
Identify and compare similar themes, subject
matter and images in artworks from historical and contemporary eras. |
|
Benchmark C: Identify and
describe the different purposes people have for creating works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Identify artworks from their own communities or
regions that reflect social influences or cultural traditions. |
|
Benchmark D: Place selected
visual artists and their contributions chronologically on a timeline in the
history of Ohio, the United States or North America. |
|
|
4. |
Recognize selected artists who contributed to the
cultural heritages of the people of the United States. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
knowledge of visual art materials, tools, techniques and processes by using
them expressively and skillfully. |
|
|
1. |
Demonstrate skill and expression in the use of art
techniques and processes. |
|
|
2. |
Use appropriate visual art vocabulary when
describing art-making processes. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the
elements and principles of art as a means to express ideas, emotions and
experiences. |
|
|
3. |
Create two- and three-dimensional works that
demonstrate awareness of space and composition (e.g., relate art elements to
one another and to the space as a whole). |
|
|
4. |
Identify relationships between selected art
elements and principles (e.g., color and rhythm). |
|
Benchmark C: Develop and
select a range of subject matter and ideas to communicate meaning in two- and
three-dimensional works of art. |
|
|
5. |
Recognize and identify a purpose or intent for
creating an original work of art. |
|
|
6. |
Create an original work of art that illustrates a
story or interprets a theme. |
|
Benchmark D: Recognize and
use ongoing assessment to revise and improve the quality of original
artworks. |
|
|
7. |
Use feedback and self-assessment to revise and
improve the quality of original artworks. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Identify and
describe the visual features and characteristics in works of art. |
|
|
1. |
Use details to describe the characteristics of
subject matter in artworks (e.g., subtle facial expressions, distinctive
clothing and stormy weather). |
|
|
2. |
Explain how art principles are used by artists to
create visual effects (e.g., balance used to create the effect of stability). |
|
Benchmark B: Apply
comprehension strategies (e.g., personal experience, art knowledge, emotion
and perceptual and reasoning skills) to respond to a range of visual
artworks. |
|
|
3. |
Discuss different responses to, and
interpretations of, the same artwork. |
|
Benchmark C: Contribute to
the development of criteria for discussing and judging works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Identify successful characteristics that
contribute to the quality of their own artwork and the works of others. |
|
|
5. |
Identify criteria for discussing and assessing
works of art. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply basic
reasoning skills to understand why works of art are made and valued. |
|
|
1. |
Explain reasons for selecting an object they think
is a work of art. |
|
Benchmark B: Form their own
opinions and views abut works of art and discuss them with others. |
|
|
2. |
Ask questions about others’ ideas and views
concerning art. |
|
Benchmark C: Distinguish
and describe the aesthetic qualities in works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Distinguish between technical and expressive
qualities in their own artworks. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the relationship the visual arts share with other arts disciplines as
meaningful forms of nonverbal communication. |
|
|
1. |
Interpret a favorite painting through movement or
music. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the visual
arts as a means to understand concepts and topics studied in disciplines
outside the arts. |
|
|
2. |
Communicate mathematics, geography or science
information visually (e.g., develop a chart, graph or illustration). |
|
|
3. |
Relate concepts common to the arts and disciplines
outside the arts (e.g., composition, balance, form and movement). |
|
Benchmark C: Create and
solve an interdisciplinary problem using visual art processes, materials and
tools. |
|
|
4. |
Apply problem-solving skills from the other
subject areas to solve artistic problems (e.g., scientific method and inquiry
processes). |
|
Benchmark D: Describe how
visual art is used in their communities and the world around them and provide
examples. |
|
|
5. |
Provide examples of different types of artists and
describe their roles in everyday life (e.g., muralists, industrial designers,
architects and book illustrators). |
Grade 4
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Recognize and
describe visual art forms and artworks from various times and places. |
|
|
1. |
Identify and describe artwork from various cultural/ethnic
groups that settled in Ohio over time. |
|
Benchmark B: Identify art
forms, visual ideas and artistic styles and describe how they are influenced
by time and culture. |
|
|
2. |
Compare and contrast art forms from different
cultures and their own cultures. |
|
Benchmark C: Identify and
describe the different purposes people have for creating works of art. |
|
|
3. |
Compare the decorative and functional qualities of
artwork from cultural/ethnic groups within their local communities. |
|
Benchmark D: Place selected
visual artists and their contributions chronologically on a timeline in the
history of Ohio, the United States or North America. |
|
|
4. |
Select an American artists and explain how the
artist’s work relates to American history. |
|
|
5. |
Construct a simple timeline that places selected
artists and their works next to historical events in the same time period. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
knowledge of visual art materials, tools, techniques and processes by using
them expressively and skillfully. |
|
|
1. |
Select art materials, tools and processes with
characteristics that achieve their purposes. |
|
Benchmark B: Use the
elements and principles of art as a means to express ideas, emotions and
experiences. |
|
|
2. |
Discuss their artworks in terms of line, shape,
color, texture and composition. |
|
|
3. |
Initiate and use strategies to solve visual
problems (e.g., construct three-dimensional art objects that have structural
integrity and a sense of completeness). |
|
Benchmark C: Develop and select
a range of subject matter and ideas to communicate meaning in two- and
three-dimensional works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Create a narrative image (e.g., objects
well-connected and in a sequence) that expresses an event from personal
experience. |
|
Benchmark D: Recognize and
use ongoing assessment to revise and improve the quality of original
artworks. |
|
|
5. |
Give and receive constructive feedback to produce
artworks that meet learning goals. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Identify and
describe the visual features and characteristics in works of art. |
|
|
1. |
Compare and contrast how art elements and
principles are used in selected artworks to express ideas and communicate
meaning. |
|
Benchmark B: Apply
comprehension strategies (e.g., personal experience, art knowledge, emotion
and perceptual and reasoning skills) to respond to a range of visual
artworks. |
|
|
2. |
Explain the function and purpose of selected art
objects (e.g., utilitarian, decorative, societal and personal). |
|
|
3. |
Describe how artists use symbols and imagery to
convey meaning in culturally representative works. |
|
Benchmark C: Contribute to
the development of criteria for discussing and judging works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Explain how an art critic uses criteria to judge
artworks. |
|
|
5. |
Refer to criteria when discussing and judging the
quality of works of art. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply basic
reasoning skills to understand why works of art are made and valued. |
|
|
1. |
Explain how works of art can reflect the beliefs,
attitudes and traditions of the artist. |
|
|
2. |
Reflect on and develop their own beliefs about art
(e.g., how art should look, what it should express or how it should be made). |
|
Benchmark B: Form their own
opinions and views abut works of art and discuss them with others. |
|
|
3. |
Support their viewpoints about selected works of
art with examples from the works. |
|
Benchmark C: Distinguish
and describe the aesthetic qualities in works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Describe the successful use of one expressive
element in an artwork, using sensory details and descriptive language. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the relationship the visual arts share with other arts disciplines as
meaningful forms of nonverbal communication. |
|
|
1. |
Identify and describe common themes, subject
matter and ideas expressed across arts disciplines. |
|
|
2. |
Describe how selected visual art elements or
principles are used in one or two other arts disciplines (e.g., color, unity,
variety and contrast). |
|
Benchmark B: Use the visual
arts as a means to understand concepts and topics studied in disciplines
outside the arts. |
|
|
3 |
Describe the artwork of one cultural/ethnic group
(e.g., Paleo Indians, European immigrants, Appalachian, Amish, African or
Asian groups). |
|
Benchmark C: Create and
solve an interdisciplinary problem using visual art processes, materials and
tools. |
|
|
4. |
Demonstrate technical skill by creating an art
product that uses common materials and tools from different subject areas
(e.g., ruler, compass, graph paper and computer). |
|
Benchmark D: Describe how
visual art is used in their communities and the world around them and provide
examples. |
|
|
5. |
Read biographies and stories about key artists and
describe how their work reflects and contributes to history. |
|
|
6. |
Recognize and identify a range of careers in
visual art (e.g., fashion designer, architect, graphic artist and a museum
curator). |
Grade 5
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Compare and
contrast the distinctive characteristics of art forms from various cultural,
historical and social contexts. |
|
|
1. |
Identify visual forms of expression found in
different cultures. |
|
|
2. |
Compare and contrast art forms from various
regions and cultural traditions. |
|
Benchmark B: Create a work
of art which incorporates the style or characteristics of artwork from a
culture other than their own. |
|
|
3. |
Compare and contrast the artistic styles observed
in artwork from various cultures. |
|
|
4. |
Demonstrate the way art materials are used by
artists to create different styles (e.g., paint applied spontaneously in
expression and more carefully in minimalism). |
|
Benchmark C: Demonstrate
knowledge of historical influences on contemporary works of art and make
predictions about influences on the future of visual art. |
|
|
5. |
Examine how social, environmental or political
issues affect design choices (e.g., architecture, public art and fashion ). |
|
Benchmark D: Create an
original work of art to express a social, cultural or political point of
view. |
|
|
6. |
Speculate if their work would contribute to the
documentation and preservation of art history linked with a social, cultural
or political point of view. |
|
|
7. |
Explain how art galleries, museums and public art
contribute to the documentation and preservation of art history. |
|
|
8. |
Describe the lives, work or impact of key visual
artists in a selected period. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply
knowledge of materials, tools, media, techniques and processes to communicate
subject matter, themes or ideas in a variety of visual forms. |
|
|
1. |
Use observational and technical skills to achieve
the illusion of depth in two-dimensional space (e.g., value, perspective and
placement of objects). |
|
|
2. |
Explore different approaches to creating art
(e.g., by artists, style or historical period). |
|
Benchmark B: Create two-
and three-dimensional original artwork that demonstrates personal visual
expression and communication. |
|
|
3. |
Identify sources artists use to get ideas for
their works (e.g., personal experience, interests, nature, current events or
cultural traditions). |
|
Benchmark C: Achieve
artistic purpose and communicate intent by selection and use of appropriate
media. |
|
|
4. |
Apply problem-solving strategies to improve the
creation of artwork. |
|
Benchmark D: Use current,
available technology to refine an idea and create an original, imaginative
work of art. |
|
|
5. |
Use current, available technology to explore
imagery and create visual effects. |
|
Benchmark E: Identify and
provide reasons to support their artistic decisions in the creation of
artwork. |
|
|
6. |
Identify reasons for personal, artistic decisions. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply the
strategies of art criticism to describe, analyze and interpret selected works
of art. |
|
|
1. |
Compare and analyze how art elements and
principles are used for expressive purposes (e.g., strong mood, explosive
shapes and rhythmic patterns). |
|
|
2. |
Compare the works of different artists on the
basis of distinctive characteristics (e.g., functional/nonfunctional and
representational/abstract). |
|
|
3. |
Explain and discuss multiple meanings in selected
artworks. |
|
Benchmark B: Present and
support an individual interpretation of a work of art. |
|
|
4. |
Apply observation and analysis skills to derive
meaning in a selected artwork and explain their thought processes. |
|
Benchmark C: Establish and
use criteria for making judgments about works of art. |
|
|
5. |
Use specific criteria individually and in groups
to assess works of art. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
aesthetic inquiry and reflection skills when participating in discussions
about the nature and value of art. |
|
|
1. |
Pose questions that can be answered by an
aesthetic study of artworks. |
|
|
2. |
Recognize that different assumptions and theories
of art lead to different interpretations of artworks. |
|
Benchmark B: Analyze
diverse points of view about artworks and explain the factors that shape
various perspectives. |
|
|
3. |
Explain how personal experience can influence
choosing one artwork over another. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the role of visual art in solving an interdisciplinary problem. |
|
|
1. |
Compare and contrast how visual art is used in
musical, theatrical or dance productions and provide examples. |
|
Benchmark B: Apply and
combine visual art, research and technology skills to communicate ideas in
visual form. |
|
|
2. |
Use technology to conduct information searches,
research topics and explore connections for arts integrated study. |
|
Benchmark C: Use key
concepts, issues and themes to connect visual art to various content areas. |
|
|
3. |
Use artwork to communicate and enhance
understanding of concepts in other subject areas (e.g., science, English
language arts, mathematics and social studies). |
|
Benchmark D: Use words and
images to explain the role of visual art in community and cultural traditions
and events. |
|
|
4. |
Investigate the types of cultural objects artists
create and their role in our everyday environment. |
Grade 6
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Compare and
contrast the distinctive characteristics of art forms from various cultural,
historical and social contexts. |
|
|
1. |
Compare and contrast visual forms of expression
found throughout different regions and cultures of the world. |
|
|
2. |
Identify universal themes conveyed in artworks
across various times and cultures (e.g., family, good versus evil and
heroism). |
|
Benchmark B: Create a work
of art which incorporates the style or characteristics of artwork from a
culture other than their own. |
|
|
3. |
Analyze and demonstrate the stylistic
characteristics of culturally representative artworks. |
|
Benchmark C: Demonstrate
knowledge of historical influences on contemporary works of art and make
predictions about influences on the future of visual art. |
|
|
4. |
Investigate the roles and relationships between
artists and patrons and explain the effect on the creation of works of art. |
|
Benchmark D: Create an
original work of art to express a social, cultural or political point of
view. |
|
|
5. |
Reflect how their created work relates to social,
cultural or political points of view. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply
knowledge of materials, tools, media, techniques and processes to communicate
subject matter, themes or ideas in a variety of visual forms. |
|
|
1. |
Demonstrate skill in changing (e.g., exaggerating
and transforming) natural forms for expressive purposes. |
|
|
2. |
Recognize and identify the qualities and
characteristics of craftsmanship in a work of art. |
|
Benchmark B: Create two-
and three-dimensional original artwork that demonstrates personal visual
expression and communication. |
|
|
3. |
Explore ways that art-making functions as a means
of personal identification and expression. |
|
|
4. |
Use observation, life experiences and imagination
as sources for visual symbols and images. |
|
Benchmark C: Achieve
artistic purpose and communicate intent by selection and use of appropriate
media. |
|
|
5. |
Select and use appropriate materials and tools to
solve an artistic problem. |
|
Benchmark D: Use current,
available technology to refine an idea and create an original, imaginative
work of art. |
|
|
6. |
Use current, available technology to create
original artworks. |
|
Benchmark E: Identify and
provide reasons to support their artistic decisions in the creation of
artwork. |
|
|
7. |
Explain and defend artistic decisions using
appropriate visual art vocabulary. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply the
strategies of art criticism to describe, analyze and interpret selected works
of art. |
|
|
1. |
Use appropriate vocabulary to identify the content
in works of art created for different purposes (e.g., utilitarian, decorative
and societal). |
|
|
2. |
Explain how art elements and principles are used
in artworks to produce certain visual effects (e.g., dynamic tension,
textured surfaces, patterns and designs). |
|
Benchmark B: Present and
support an individual interpretation of a work of art. |
|
|
3. |
Interpret selected works of art based on the
visual clues in the works. |
|
Benchmark C: Establish and
use criteria for making judgments about works of art. |
|
|
4. |
Identify innovative approaches and techniques used
by artists and provide examples of their cultural and social significance. |
|
|
5. |
Use criteria for self-assessment and to select and
organize works of art for a portfolio. |
Valuing the Arts/Aesthetic
Reflection
Students
understand why people value visual art.
They present their beliefs about the nature and significance of
selected artworks and the reasons for holding these beliefs. Students reflect on and respect diverse
points of view about artworks and artifacts. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
aesthetic inquiry and reflection skills when participating in discussions
about the nature and value of art. |
|
|
1. |
Explain what makes an object a work of art using a
range of criteria (e.g., the feeling it evokes, the artist’s style and choice
of materials or the subject matter). |
|
|
2. |
Reflect on and generate a personal theory for how
visual art should be viewed, interpreted and valued. |
|
Benchmark B: Analyze
diverse points of view about artworks and explain the factors that shape
various perspectives. |
|
|
3. |
Describe how culture, age, gender and attitude can
affect a person’s view and response to visual art. |
Connections, Relationships
and Applications
Students
connect and apply their learning of visual art to the study of other arts
areas and disciplines outside the arts.
They understand relationships between and among concepts and ideas
that are common across subjects in the curriculum. Students recognize the importance of
lifelong learning and experience in visual art. |
|
Benchmark A: Demonstrate
the role of visual art in solving an interdisciplinary problem. |
|
|
1. |
Depict elements of major events in a selected
decade. |
|
Benchmark B: Apply and
combine visual art, research and technology skills to communicate ideas in
visual form. |
|
|
2. |
Use computer skills to organize and visually
display quantitative information on a chart, map or graph. |
|
Benchmark C: Use key
concepts, issues and themes to connect visual art to various content areas. |
|
|
3. |
Compare the ways that selected ideas and concepts
are communicated through the perspective of visual art and through the
perspectives of other academic disciplines. |
|
Benchmark D: Use words and
images to explain the role of visual art in community and cultural traditions
and events. |
|
|
4. |
Describe the function of art in the daily life of
their communities and cultures. |
|
|
5. |
Identify the ways in which science and technology
influence the development of art in various cultures. |
Grade 7
Historical, Cultural and
Social Contexts
Students
understand the impact of visual art on the history, culture and society from
which it emanates. They understand the
cultural, social and political forces that, in turn, shape visual art
communication and expression. Students
identify the significant contributions of visual artists to cultural
heritage. They analyze the historical, cultural, social and political
contexts that influence the function and role of visual art in the lives of
people. |
|
Benchmark A: Compare and
contrast the distinctive characteristics of art forms from various cultural,
historical and social contexts. |
|
|
1. |
Use multiple sources to research various art forms
used for social, cultural or political purposes. |
|
|
2. |
Describe how the same subject matter is
represented differently in works of art across cultures and time periods
(e.g., portrait, landscape and still life). |
|
Benchmark B: Create a work
of art which incorporates the style or characteristics of artwork from a
culture other than their own. |
|
|
3. |
Provide insight into the factors that might
influence the development of an artist’s style and works (e.g., personal
experience, interest, cultural heritage and gender). |
|
Benchmark C: Demonstrate
knowledge of historical influences on contemporary works of art and make
predictions about influences on the future of visual art. |
|
|
4. |
Observe various artworks which have demonstrated
historical influences and discuss current events which may impact future
visual art. |
|
Benchmark D: Create an
original work of art to express a social, cultural or political point of
view. |
|
|
5. |
Create a visual product that reflects current,
cultural influences. |
Creative Expression and
Communication
Students
create artworks that demonstrate understanding of materials, processes,
tools, media, techniques and available technology. They understand how to use art elements,
principles and images to communicate their ideas in a variety of visual
forms. |
|
Benchmark A: Apply
knowledge of materials, tools, media, techniques and processes to communicate
subject matter, themes or ideas in a variety of visual forms. |
|
|
1. |
Demonstrate a variety of techniques to create
works of art. |
|
|
2. |
Apply the principles and elements of design to
construct various artworks. |
|
Benchmark B: Create two-
and three-dimensional original artwork that demonstrates personal visual
expression and communication. |
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3. |
Apply knowledge of materials, tools, media,
techniques and processes to create a two- and three-dimensional original
artwork. |
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4. |
Apply observation skills to refine and improve the
visual representation in their artworks (e.g., add details, improve proportion,
create distinctive images and coordinate objects spatially). |
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Benchmark C: Achieve
artistic purpose and communicate intent by selection and use of appropriate
media. |
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5. |
Use a variety of sources to generate original
ideas for art-making. |
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Benchmark D: Use current,
available technology to refine an idea and create an original, imaginative
work of art. |
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6. |
Use current, available technology as a resource to
create an original work of art. |
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Benchmark E: Identify and
provide reasons to support their artistic decisions in the creation of
artwork. |
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7. |
Improve craftsmanship and refine ideas in response
to feedback and self-assessment. |
Analyzing and Responding
Students
identify and discriminate themes, media, subject matter and formal technical
and expressive aspects in works of art. They understand and use the
vocabulary of art criticism to describe visual features, analyze
relationships and interpret meanings in works of art. Students make judgments about the quality
of works of art using the appropriate criteria. |
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Benchmark A: Apply the
strategies of art criticism to describe, analyze and interpret selected works
of art. |
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1. |
Use appropriate vocabulary to explain how
techniques, materials and methods used by artists affect what the artwork
communicates. |
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2. |
Use appropriate vocabulary to explain how the
elements and principles of art communicate different meanings. |
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Benchmark B: Present and
support an individual interpretation of a work of art. |
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3. |
Analyze the effect of history and culture on the
interpretation of artworks. |
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Benchmark C: Establish and
use criteria for making judgments about works of art. |