Name

Period

TALLY BOX

	Page #	Total possible points	Total or SKIPPED
	3 Shadows	2
	4 Shadow photos	4
	6 Shadow Length	2
	7 Seasons Quiz	10
	8-9 Seasons	11
	10 Moon phases	8
	12 Calendars	12
	13-14 Eclipses	13
	15-16 Solar Eclipses	10
	16Lunar Eclipses	10
	17 Why eclipses happen	3
	18 Star life	7
	19 Tides	17
	20-21 Reference	5
EARTH IN MOTION
REVIEW
INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION PACKET
8^th Grade Science
SHADOWS			Life cycle of a star
SEASONS			Tides
MOON PHASES
ECLIPSES

PACKET INSTRUCTIONS

You are going to be going through this packet which is broken down into step by step activities to help you review the topics covered.

You will be reading, viewing, listening, writing and responding as you work your way through this unit.

To help you along the way, various icons are located throughout the packet. Here is a key to the icons:

The arrow tells you there is a website address which is hyperlinked for you to click on.

The video camera indicates there is a video clip to watch.

The pencil tells you to write your answers down below the questions in your packet.

Space is provided for each answer.

The ear means you are to listen to something. Get headphones

The printer means you are to print out whatever is asked and then do your work right on that printed out paper. Staple any of these printed out sheets to your packet after you have completed them.

The pen means get a red pen or pencil to grade your work.

This indicates you are to put the number of points you got correct in the tally box on the cover

Write all of your answers in black or blue pen—not pencil !!

SHADOWS

 Let’s start out easy….

To read an overview about shadows, go to World Book Encyclopedia

from the Burneson Library homepage (under Subscription Resources). Type in Shadows—click on the Shadow article.

Read the article and answer these questions:

1. What causes a shadow?

2. If the light source is smaller than the object, the shadow is _________ _________________ (fill in the blanks).

Get the answer sheet from one of the teachers and grade your answers using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover (this is page number 3).

The objective of this next activity is to arrange this group of photographs taken at different times of the day in chronological order using a shadow in each photo and the compass heading for each photo as information to infer the time of day.

Go to the site below and do Exercise 1.

http://www.learner.org/channel/workshops/sheddinglight/camera/shadow.html

Write your answers on this paper

A

B

C

D

Check your answers

Put the number correct in the answer box on front page (This is page 4)

Review the information at this site about how to estimate the heights of trees, flagpoles, buildings, and other tall objects from from the object’s shadow:

http://www.learner.org/channel/courses/learningmath/geometry/session8/part_b/measuring.html

Challenge: Do problem B3 then check your answers.

You are going to measure the shadow of an object around the school building and then estimate the height of the object.

Ask for the digital camera and the sheet to fill out and follow the instructions to take a photo of a shadow.

It must be a sunny day for you to complete this activity.

If you did NOT miss any of the questions on pages 3 & 4 about shadows, go to Shaq’s Solstice Shadow on page 5.

If you missed any of the previous questions on pages 3 & 4 about shadows, go to the table in the library and do the lab activity (Shadow Activity, page 5). Ask Mrs. V. to observe you while doing this lab.

As you move the toothpick around, what happens to the shadow? Write down your answer (include movement, direction, length):

If it is a sunny day, what happens to the shadow when you move the toothpick around in the sunlight? How is it similar or different to the shadow created by the flashlight? Write your answer:

. After you have completed this activity, go on to Shaq’s Solstice Shadow

SHAQ’S SOLSTICE SHADOW

http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/21jun_shadows.htm

Click on a Downloadable file.

Listen to the story. Get

Now do this:

The chart on the website page shows the ratio between your height and the length of your shadow in selected cities at mid-day on the two solstices: June 21st and Dec. 22nd. For example, if you want to know how long your shadow would be on the first day of summer in New York, multiply your height by 0.31 -- the ratio listed for New York under June 21. Remember shadow patterns during summer and during winter.

1. Figure what the length of your shadow would have been on June 21 in New York:

Write your answer here:

2. How can a shadow prove our Earth is tilted?

Write your answer here:

Get the answer sheet and grade your answers using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number 6- Shadow Length)

SEASONS

Let’s start out easy again…

Go to this site and view the video clip explaining the seasons—grab headphones ():

http://www.videojug.com/film/why-does-the-earth-have-seasons

Now go to this site:

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Seasons.shtml

You can access this site without ads and pop-ups. Go to Already a Member- Click Here. Username and password are on the bookmark taped to the computer.

Read through the information on this page and then print out the quiz and take it writing your answers directly on the page you printed out. Click on Printable Page with normal size images.

Now click on Quiz Answers and grade your quiz. Use a red pen or pencil to mark a wrong answer, and write down the correct answer.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number 7- Seasons Quiz)

If you had 9 or more correct on Page 7, go on to Phases of the Moon. (on page 10 in your packet)

If you had 8 or fewer correct, go to this site:

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3077384/ns/technology_and_science-science/

Read the information at this site, and answer the following questions:

1. Look at the chart on this page and explain why we have seasons.

2. Again, looking at the chart, explain how the angle of the Earth affects the energy from the sun.

3. What hemisphere is the United States in?

4. What do the solstices mark?

5. When do the solstices occur, and what do they represent?

6. What are the vernal and autumnal equinoxes?

7. How is the sun affected during the equinoxes?

8. When the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing the vernal equinox, what is happening in the Southern Hemisphere?

9. Why are there variables in the equinoxes and solstices from year to year?

10. Explain how the seasonal changes affect weather.

11. The Southern Hemisphere is experiencing winter during our summer. Does it have longer or shorter days during this time?

Get the answer sheet from one of the teachers and grade your answers using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number 8 & 9-Seasons)

If you got fewer than 7 questions right, go back to the Enchanted Learning site, read the information and take that quiz again.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Seasons.shtml Show your teacher your answers.

PHASES OF THE MOON

Go to this website to read the definitions of the phases of the moon.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activities/label/labelmoonphases.shtml

Click on “Already a Member Click Here” and type in the Username and Password found on the bookmark attached to the computer.

Go to Printable page with normal size images

Print out the sheet and label the phases of the moon.

Using the answer sheet, grade your answers using a red pen or pencil. If your answer is wrong, write the correct answer in RED on your worksheet.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover (this is page 10- Phases of the Moon)

If you did label all of the phases of the moon correctly, go to page 11 – Interactive Lunar Odyssey.

If you did NOT label all of the phases of the moon correctly, go to this website and look at the video clip as it goes through the different phases of the moon. http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/moon_phases

After you view the video clip above, go to this site:

http://www.newtonsapple.tv/video.php?id=1671

Grab a set of headphones , look and listen to this video clip .

You are now going to go on an Interactive Lunar Odyssey

http://www.spaceday.org/index.php/The-Phaser.html

The moon looks different depending on where it is in orbit around the Earth. After all, only half the Moon is ever lit by the Sun. And standing here on Earth, we can't always see the lit half.

To demonstrate this point, move the Moon in the "Phaser" on the page and watch it go through its paces as you drag it 'round the Earth.

After you have gone through all of the phases, take the Test Yourself quiz as you move the sun to the correct position around the earth for each phase.

How many did you get right? _____________________ While the correct number is on the screen, have one of the teachers look at the number correct answer and initial next to the number on the line above.

If you did not get 8 or more correct, TRY AGAIN: Go back and review the phases of the moon at this site: http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/astronomy/moonphase.html

MASTERY: If you think you have mastered the phases of the moon, try the Lunar Cycle Challenge calendar activity at this website:

http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/moon/challenge_print/challenge_print.html

On your calendars, number the phases at the bottom 1-8 and then fill in the number for the correct phase in the blank spaces.

1) Click on one of the calendars then click on Level 1 and print out the calendar.

2) Fill in the blanks with the correct phase of the moon (number the phases and fill in the number on your calendar).

3) Now go to Level 2 and print out one of the calendars and do the same thing.

4) Go to Level 3 and print out one of the calendars and fill in the correct phases.

5) Ask for the key and check your answers. Were they correct? Make sure to staple your calendars to the back of your packet.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number 12 Calendars)

ECLIPSES

Now you will begin your study of eclipses by going to the encyclopedia website below:

http://student.britannica.com/lm/animations/oeclipe006d4/product.html

Listen and view the video clip to answer the following questions:

1. When does an eclipse occur?

2. What is the umbra?

3. What is the penumbra?

4. The Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around the Earth in what type of orbit?

**You might have to view the video more than once to answer questions 1-4.

Now read the INTRODUCTION in the left hand column on the screen.

5) What did ancient people believe eclipses were?

6) Modern astronomers define an eclipse as a complete or partial obscuring of one celestial body by another. An eclipse occurs when three celestial objects become aligned.

What is this called? ___________________________

Define these terms from the above paragraph (look up the definitions if you need to):

a. obscuring

b. celestial

c. aligned

7) Fill in the blanks: The sun is eclipsed when the _________comes between it and the __________. The moon is eclipsed when it moves into the shadow of the _____________ cast by the _______________.

Get the answer sheet and correct your answers.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page numbers 13-14)

¦ If you got all of the answers for pages 13-14 correct, go on to page 15- SOLAR & LUNAR ECLIPSES – Enchanted Learning site.

® If you DID NOT get all of the answers correct, do the activity below:

The following activity illustrates the umbra and penumbra.

Go to this site http://spikesworld.spike-jamie.com/science/astronomy/c422-17.html

and follow the instructions. Ask for the necessary items to complete this activity (instructions continued on top of page 15).

Complete the diagrams to illustrate the umbra and pneumbra on a separate piece of paper. Make sure your diagrams are labeled.

Staple the paper to your packet.

To read further information about SOLAR & LUNAR ECLIPSES, go to this site:

http://www.enchantedlearning.com --

to get to this site without advertising and pop-ups, go to Already a Member-Click Here.

(Username and password are on the bookmarks taped to the computer)

Search eclipses

Click on Solar Eclipses, read the information and answer the questions below:

1. Define a solar eclipse.

2. What is aphelion?

3. What is perigee?

4. Describe totality as it applies to a solar eclipse.

5. Explain the differences between the 3 types of solar eclipses.

 You will be grading the 5 questions above and the following solar eclipse diagram together.

Now print out the solar eclipse diagram and label the parts listed (click on printable page with normal sized images).

Grade Your Diagram—Click on ANSWERS- In Red Ink circle the number correct at the top of the diagram. Correct any wrong answers right on the diagram using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page numbers 15 & 16 Solar Eclipses)

Go back to the search results page on the Enchanted Learning page, and click on Lunar Eclipse.

Read and answer these questions:

1. Define a lunar eclipse.

2. Explain the difference between a total lunar eclipse and a partial lunar eclipse.

3. Approximately how long does a lunar eclipse last?

4. What determines the frequency of lunar eclipses?

Print out the diagram of the lunar eclipse and label it.

Grade Your Diagram—Click on ANSWERS

In Red Ink circle the number correct at the top of the diagram. Correct any wrong answers right on the diagram using a red pen or pencil. Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover (page number 16 Lunar Eclipses)

MASTERY

If you think you totally understand solar and lunar eclipses, go to this

website:

http://www.exploratorium.edu/eclipse/

Click on “Why Eclipses Happen”.

Read and answer the following question:

1. Explain how the alignment of the sun and moon affects the fact that very few people ever see a total solar eclipse.

On page 2 of Why Eclipses Happen --read under A RARE EVENT and answer these questions:

2. Why doesn’t the moon get between the sun and earth every month at new moon and produce an eclipse? How does the orbit of the earth affect this?

3. Explain 2 things (variables) that affect the type of eclipse that does occur.

Get the answer key for questions 1-3 of this section and circle any the number of any incorrect answers. Go back to the site and read through again if you have any wrong, and correct your wrong answers using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct the first time in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number17)

STAR LIFE CYCLE

 So you think you understand the birth and death of stars?

Go to the table with the worksheet for this activity and complete it.

Now get the answer sheet, and if you have any wrong answers, correct the wrong answers using a red pen or pencil.

Put the number you got correct in the tally box on the cover. (This is page number 18) Star Life

If you got all of the steps in the life of a star right, go on to page 19- TIDES.

If you got any of the steps in the life and death of a star wrong, go to this website:

http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/labs/star_life/starlife_main.html

Go to Interactive Diagrams/Questions-Click on picture for Interactive Version with questions.

Go through the slides. This is a tutorial, giving you help until you get the correct answer.

Show your teacher when you have finished the questions. Have her initial here:

 After going through all of the online questions, go back to the activity table, and see if you can put the steps with the life cycle of a star in correct order.

TIDES

¦ Go to Subscription Resouces on the library homepage.

¦ Go to Brain Pop – click on Log in--

Username and password are on the bookmark.

¦ On Search line, type in Tides

Click on Tides- Is the tide turning

View the video and listen carefully , then take the GRADED QUIZ. Use headphones .

Print out your score and staple the sheet to your packet.

REFERENCE QUESTIONS

1. If you are using your Sciencesaurus, where would you look to find what pages have information about “safety in the lab”? Write your answer in the space below.

2. What does this Internet address tell you about this website? (who publishes it, and what is it about?) http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/solar.html

Write your answer in sentences in the space below.

3. You are looking up information about the scientist Copernicus. Which of these resources would be the BEST source of information (most reliable and complete)? Fill in one answer bubble to mark your answer.

A. World Book Encyclopedia online

B. Scientists-their lives and works (book)

C. Wikipedia

D. http://www.geocities.com/copernicus

3.

4. On what page in the above Table of Contents would you find information about using graphs? _____________

5. Which of the following reference sources would be best to use to find a synonym for the word “reaction”?

Fill in one answer bubble to mark your answer.

A. An atlas

B. A dictionary

C. A thesaurus

D. An almanac

 5.

Get the answer key and grade this section (pages 20 and 21)

CONGRATULATIONS! You have successfully completed the Earth in Motion packet!

Turn in your packet to your science teacher.

Make sure you have written down the points earned for each section on the front of the packet.